形式賓語
英語語法中的補充賓語
當不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句在某個句子中作賓語時,為保持句子結構平衡,避免句式結構的混亂,常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放在句尾。此時it仍只起先行引導作用,本身無詞義。
下列四種情況須用it 作形式賓語:
① 當不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句在複合賓語結構中作某些動詞的賓語時(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等);
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
(他們發現與我們中國人一起工作很愉快。)
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
(我覺得理解英語 特別節目並不難。)
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
(他立志決不向別人借錢。)
I think it no need talking about it with them.
(我認為沒必要跟他們談。)
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接賓語從句;
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
(我不喜歡他那麼懶惰。)
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
(我討厭母親要我吃雞蛋。)
③ that引導的賓語從句不能直接作介詞的賓語;
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
(儘管放心,我們會隨時幫你的。)
Would you see to it that she gets home early?
(你負責保證她早到家,好嗎?)
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
(他堅持說自己是無辜的。)
④ 由及物動詞與介片語成的固定搭配中,賓語從句若作該動詞的賓語時,須借用it。
e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
(我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。)
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
(多虧了你才沒有發生嚴重事故。)
通常意義的形式賓語主要見於真正賓語為不定式、動名詞、從句等且其後跟有賓語補足語時的情形,即用於“動詞+it+賓語補足語+真正的賓語”這樣的結構,但以下幾類形式賓語卻比較特殊,其後沒有賓語補足語。
1.動詞+ it + that-從句
I like it that you came.你來了,我很高興。
I take it (that) he will come on time.我認為他會準時來的。
You can put it that it was arranged before.你可以說這是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.據傳聞,國防部長不久就要辭職。
【注】能用於此結構的動詞不多,常見的有have, take, put, like等。
2.動詞+ it + when (if)-從句
I dislike it when you whistle.我不愛聽你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她來幫忙了,我們十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那麼多工作,好就太好了。
【注】能用於此結構的動詞不多,常見的有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等。
( )I think____necessary for us to learn English well.
A it B that
C its D that's
正確答案:A