比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。比較狀語從句是其中的一種，主要運用於形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級及最高級的句子之中，原級：as…as（和……一樣），not so（as）…as …（和不一樣）；比較級：more…than（更）；最高級：The most…in/of， the + 形容詞+est…of/in。常用引導詞：as（同級比較），than（不同程度的比較）；特殊引導詞：the more … the more … ； no … more than；not A so much as B。
狀語從句起副詞作用。
引導比較狀語從句的連詞主要是 as 和 than,通過其它手段與它們結合便形成了各種不同的比較：
1.同級比較：
• as/so + 原級 + as 和...一樣,（其中 as/so 是副詞，意思是“同樣地”,后一個 as 是連詞）,如：
• My hometown is as/so beautiful as Hangzhou
• no + 比較級 + than 最多和...一樣，只不過，如：
• I have no more than two dollars left in my pocket.我口袋裡只剩下兩元錢了.（有錢少的含義）
• not more than,不多於，如：
• I have not more than two dollars left in my pocket.我口袋裡頂多還有兩元錢.（沒有錢多錢少的含義）
• no less than 不亞於，至少和...一樣，如：
• He has got no less presents than I did last time.他收到的禮品不亞於我上次收到的.（有收到多的含義）
• not less than 不少於，如：
• He has got not less presents than I did last time.他收到的禮品不少於我上次收到的.（不包含多或少的含義）
2.優級比較：
• 比較級 + than,比...優上，如：
• Our class is bigger than yours.我們班的規模比你們的大.
• the 比較級 + the 比較級，越如何就越如何，如：
• The more we can do for you,the happier we will be.為你們做得越多我們就越感到高興.
3.差級比較：
• less + 原級 + than,不如，比...較差，如：
• This kind of food is less expensive than that one.這種食品不如那一種貴.
• not so + 原級 + as,不如，不及，如：
• The film today is not so interesting as the one yesterday.今天的電影不如昨天的那個有意思.
• than 比,as/so ...as 和...一樣,the more...the more 越...越...
通常由as或than引起，這類從句和大多數狀語從句不同，它們不修飾動詞，而是 修飾as，so，less，more等副詞，或其他比較級的詞，如 taller， harder．在這裡討論它們，不是作為動詞修飾語，而是作為一種狀語從句。包含這類從句的句子通常為L，即從句在後：
She is as tall as I（or me）．
He works as hard as his brother（does）．
He does not work as hard as his brother．
He does not work so hard as his brother．
No other men work as（or so） hard as his brother （does）．
No other men work as hard as does his brother．
She is taller than I（or me）．
She is taller this year than（she was tall）last year．
She is more shy than unsocial．
She thinks more about her appearance than（she thinks about） her personality．
She finds it easier to read than to write．
She is not taller than I．（Both are tall．）
She is no taller than I．（Both are short．）
I cannot persuade him any more than your persuade a pillar．（= I am unable to persuade him，just as you are unable to persuade a pillar．）
I can forget her no more than she（forgets）me．
Nothing is more dangerous than that you （should） make friends with him．
I will help you rather than that you（should）have any trouble．
It is better that we should die rather than that we（should）be slaves．
He is only less silly than（= almost as silly as）John．
Than him nobody is more clever．（= He is the cleverest man．）（than在這裡的作用更接近介詞）
Than this there are no better places．（This is the best place．）
I know John，than whom I have never seen a sillier man．
比較狀語從句(adverbial clause of comparison)從某種角度上說，它也是一種方式狀語從句，它通常可和以下關聯詞來引導as(或so)...as, than, according as, in proportion as等。如：
as...as...
He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒來得和入睡一樣突然。(第一個as是副詞)
I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. 我從未見過像那個二月那麼多雨。(否定結構常用so…as, 也可用as... as)
than
Man developed earlier than people think. 人類的出現比人們所想的要早。
He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行動起來比他妹妹慢。
The youth of today are better off than we used to be. 今天的年輕人比我們過去的境況要好。
according as
You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己決定。
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 你受表揚還是責備得看你的工作好壞決定。
in proportion as
Men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous. 人之幸福與德行成正比。
Some people are happy in proportion as they are noticed. 有些人越受到注意就越高興。
The most…in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three.這本書是三本中最有趣的。
the + 形容詞+est…of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city. 這條路是我們城市最繁忙的街道。
no more than只不過(嫌少的意思)
I have no more than two pens.我只有兩支筆。
It’s no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不過一英里。
not more than不如。。。；(前者不如後者)
Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如約翰勤奮。
one of the + 名詞(複數)….之一(用於最高級)
Han Mei is one of the best students in our school. 韓梅是我們學校最好的學生之一。
