大陸架公約

(1958年4月29日訂於日內瓦)

[本公約於1964年6月10日生效]

本公約當事各國，

議定條款如下：

本條款稱“大陸架”者謂：(a)鄰接海岸但在領海以外之海底區域之海床及底土，其上海水深度不逾二百公尺，或雖逾此限度而其上海水深度仍使該區域天然資源有開發之可能性者；(b)鄰接島嶼海岸之類似海底區域之海床及底土。

1．沿海國為探測大陸架及開發其天然資源之目的，對大陸架行使主權上權利。

2．本條第一項所稱權利為專屬權利，沿海國如不探測大陸架或開發其天然資源，非經其明示同意，任何人不得從事此項工作或對大陸架有所主張。

3．沿海國對大陸架之權利不以實際或觀念上之佔領或明文公告為條件。

4．本條款所稱天然資源包括在海床及底土之礦物及其他無生資源以及定著類之有生機體，亦即於可予采捕時期，在海床上下固定不動，或非與海床或底土在形體上經常接觸即不能移動之有機體。

沿海國對於大陸架之權利不影響其上海水為公海之法律地位，亦不影響海水上空之法律地位。

沿海國除為探測大陸架及開發其天然資源有權採取合理措施外，對於在大陸架上敷設或維持海底電纜或管線不得加以阻礙。

1．探測大陸架及開發其天然資源不得使航行、捕魚或海中生物資源之養護受任何不當之妨害，亦不得對於以公開發表為目的而進行之基本海洋學研究或其他科學研究有任何妨害。

2．以不違反本條第一項及第六項之規定為限，沿海國有權在大陸架上建立、維持或使用為探測大陸架及開發其天然資源所必要之設置及其他裝置，並有權在此項設置與裝置之周圍設定安全區以及在安全區內採取保護設置及裝置之必要措施。

3．本條第二項所稱之安全區得以已建各項設置及其他裝置周圍五百公尺之距離為範圍、自設置與裝置之外緣各點起算之。各國船舶必須尊重此種安全區。

4．此種設置氣裝置雖受沿海國管轄，但不具有島嶼之地位。此種設置與裝置本身並無領海，其存在不影響沿海國領海界限之劃定。

5．關於此項設置之建立必須妥為通告、並須常設警告其存在之裝置。凡經廢棄或不再使用之設置必須全部拆除。

6．此項設置或位於其周圍之安全區不得建於對國際航行所必經之公認海道可能妨害其使用之地點。

7．沿海國負有在安全區內採取一切適當辦法以保護海洋生物資源免遭有害物劑損害之義務。

8．對大陸架從事實地研究必須徵得沿海國之同意。倘有適當機構提出請求而目的系在對大陸架之物理或生物特徵作純粹科學性之研究者，沿海國通常不得拒予同意，但沿海國有意時，有權加入或參與研究，研究之結果不論在何情形下均應發表。

1．同一大陸架鄰接兩個以上海岸相向國家之領土時，其分屬各該國部分之界線由有關各國以協議定之。倘無協議，除因情形特殊應另定界線外，以每一點均與測算每一國領海寬度之基線上最近各點距離相等之中央線為界線。

2．同一大陸架鄰接兩個毗鄰國家之領土時，其界線由有關兩國以協議定之。倘無協議，除因情形特殊應另定界線外，其界線應適用與測算每一國領海寬度之基線上最近各點距離相等之原則定之。

3．劃定大陸架之界限時，凡依本條第一項及第二項所載原則劃成之界線，應根據特定期日所有之海圖及地理特徵訂明之，並應指明陸上固定，永久而可資辨認之處。

沿海國以穿鑿隧道方法開發底土之權利無論其上海水深度如何均不受本條款規定之影響。

本公約在1958年10月31日以前聽由聯合國或任何專門機關之全體會員國及經由聯合國大會邀請參加為本公約當事一方之任何其他國家簽署。

本公約應予批准。批准文件應送交聯合國秘書長存放。

本公約應聽由屬於第8條所稱任何一類之國家加入。加入文件應送交聯合國秘書長存放。

1．本公約應於第二十二件批准或加入文件送交聯合國秘書長存放之日後第三十日起發生效力。

2．對於在第二十二件批准或加入文件存放后批准或加入本公約之國家，本公約應於各該國存放批准或加入文件后第三十日起發生效力。

1．任何國家得於簽署、批准或加入時對本公約第1條至第3條以外各條提出保留。

2．依前項規定提出保留之任何締約國得隨時通知聯合國秘書長撤回保留。

1．締約任何一方得於本公約生效之日起滿五年後隨時書面通知聯合國秘書長請求修改本公約。

2．對於此項請求應采何種步驟、由聯合國大會決定之。

聯合國秘書長應將下列事項通知聯合國各會員國及第8條所稱之其他國家：

(a)依第8條、第9條及第10條對本公約所為之簽署及送存之批准或加入文件

(b)依第11條本公約發生效力之日期

(c)依第13條所提關於修改本公約之請求

(d)依第12條對本公約提出之保留。

本公約之原文應交聯合國秘書長存放，其中文、英文、法文、俄文及西班牙文各本同一作準；秘書長應將各文正式副本分送第8條所稱各國。

為此，下列全權代表各秉本國政府正式授予簽字之權，謹簽字於本公約，以昭信守。

1958年4月29日訂於日內瓦。

CONVENTION ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF

DONE AT GENEVA, ON 29 APRIL 1958

ENTRY INTO FORCE: 10 June 1964

The States Parties to this Convention

Have agreed as follows:

For the purpose of these articles, the term "continental shelf" is used as referring (a) to the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the coast but outside the area of the territorial sea, to a depth of 200 meters or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent waters admits of the exploitation of the natural resources of the said areas; (b) to the seabed and subsoil of similar submarine areas adjacent to the coasts of islands.

1. The coastal State exercises over the continental shelf sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring it and exploiting its natural resources.

2. The rights referred to in paragraph 1 of this article are exclusive in the sense that if the coastal State does not explore the continental shelf or exploit its natural resources, no one may undertake these activities, or make a claim to the continental shelf, without the express consent of the coastal State.

3. The rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not depend on occupation, effective or notional, or on any express proclamation.

4. The natural resources referred to in these articles consist of the mineral and other non-living resources of the seabed and subsoil together with living organisms belonging to sedentary species, that is to say, organisms which, at the harvestable stage, either are immobile on or under the seabed or are unable to move except in constant physical contact with the seabed or the subsoil.

The rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not affect the legal status of the superjacent waters as high seas, or that of the airspace above those waters.

Subject to its right to take reasonable measures for the exploration of the continental shelf and the exploitation of its natural resources, the coastal State may not impede the laying or maintenance of submarine cables or pipe lines on the continental shelf.

1. The exploration of the continental shelf and the exploitation of its natural resources must not result in any unjustifiable interference with navigation, fishing or the conservation of the living resources of the sea, nor result in any interference with fundamental oceanographic or other scientific research carried out with the intention of open publication.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 6 of this article, the coastal State is entitled to construct and maintain or operate on the continental shelf installations and other devices necessary for its exploration and the exploitation of its natural resources, and to establish safety zones around such installations and devices and to take in those zones measures necessary for their protection.

3. The safety zones referred to in paragraph 2 of this article may extend to a distance of 500 meters around the installations and other devices which have been erected, measured from each point of their outer edge. Ships of all nationalities must respect these safety zones.

4. Such installations and devices, though under the jurisdiction of the coastal State, do not possess the status of islands. They have no territorial sea of their own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea of the coastal State.

5. Due notice must be given of the construction of any such installations, and permanent means for giving warning of their presence must be maintained. Any installations which are abandoned or disused must be entirely removed.

6. Neither the installations or devices, nor the safety zones around them, may be established where interference may be caused to the use of recognized sea lanes essential to international navigation.

7. The coastal State is obliged to undertake, in the safety zones, all appropriate measures for the protection of the living resources of the sea from harmful agents.

8. The consent of the coastal State shall be obtained in respect of any research concerning the continental shelf and undertaken there. Nevertheless the coastal State shall not normally withhold its consent if the request is submitted by a qualified institution with a view to purely scientific research into the physical or biological characteristics of the continental shelf, subject to the proviso that the coastal State shall have the right, if it so desires, to participate or to be represented in the research, and that in any event the results shall be published.

1. Where the same continental shelf is adjacent to the territories of two or more States whose coasts are opposite each other, the boundary of the continental shelf appertaining to such States shall be determined by agreement between them. In the absence of agreement, and unless another boundary line is justified by special circumstances, the boundary is the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured.

2. Where the same continental shelf is adjacent to the territories of two adjacent States, the boundary of the continental shelf shall be determined by agreement between them. In the absence of agreement, and unless another boundary line is justified by special circumstances, the boundary shall be determined by application of the principle of equidistance from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured.

3. In delimiting the boundaries of the continental shelf, any lines which are drawn in accordance with the principles set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article should be defined with reference to charts and geographical features as they exist at a particular date, and reference should be made to fixed permanent identifiable points on the land.

The provisions of these articles shall not prejudice the right of the coastal State to exploit the subsoil by means of tunneling irrespective of the depth of water above the subsoil.

This Convention shall, until 31 October 1958, be open for signature by all States Members of the United Nations or of any of the specialized agencies, and by any other State invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a Party to the Convention.

This Convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

This Convention shall be open for accession by any States belonging to any of the categories mentioned in article 8. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1. This Convention shall come into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

1. At the time of signature, ratification or accession, any State may make reservations to articles of the Convention other than to articles 1 to 3 inclusive.

2. Any Contracting State making a reservation in accordance with the preceding paragraph may at any time withdraw the reservation by a communication to that effect addressed to the Secretary-General of the United

Nations.

1. After the expiration of a period of five years from the date on which this Convention shall enter into force, a request for the revision of this Convention may be made at any time by any Contracting Party by means of a notification in writing addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2. The General Assembly of the United Nations shall decide upon the steps, if any, to be taken in respect of

such request.

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States Members of the United Nations and the other States referred to in article 8:

(a) Of signatures to this Convention and of the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession, in accordance with articles 8, 9 and 10;

(b) Of the date on which this Convention will come into force, in accordance with article 11;

(c) Of requests for revision in accordance with article 13;

(d) Of reservations to this Convention, in accordance with article 12.

The dsds original of this Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified copies thereof to all States referred to in article 8.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention.

DONE at Geneva, this twenty-ninth day of April one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight.