演講英語

語言交際在生活中何等重要是不言而喻的。在諸多口頭交際方式中，公眾演講有著不可替代的作用。而且隨著社會的進步和發展這種作用越發明顯。譬如在某些會議上人們宣讀論文，做專題報告；或陳述觀點，發表意見，或辯論問題，據理力爭。就廣義而言，這些都屬於公眾演講式的講話方式。除此而外，在迎送晚會上，在頒獎儀式上，在課堂里，甚至導遊人員在陪同遊客參觀時也都需要這種演講式的講話技巧。

人類生來具有說話的能力，然而並非人人都精於講話藝術。對於這種演講式的講話更需要後天習得。大家都羨慕那些善於公開講話的人，常常不知學覺地被那恰當得體的表達所感染，進而接受他們的意見、觀點，分享他們的感情；同時也常為自己不善言辭以及由此導致的不盡如人意的事態而懊悔。但是在羨慕和懊悔之餘卻不知道口才是可以練就的，不曉得演講的本領是可以學得的。

正是考慮到演講式的講話如此重要而且又是可以通過學習逐漸掌握的，本書作者才決定編寫這本《英語演講》。據了解目前英語學習者尚缺乏這方面的學習和訓練，國內圖書市場上有關書籍亦不多見。本書如能在此方面稍盡綿薄，作者將感到莫大欣慰。

本書編寫過程中參考了多種英語原版書藉。作者協和求簡明扼要，行文流暢，以適合本書設想的英語學習者的水平。

本書首先就英語演講的特點加以概要的描寫，將其與口語交際中的其他方式，如對話，做了對比。接著對演講的結構，即各個組成部分進行較詳細的分析。並在語言運用、修辭風格、謀篇布局等方面引用了不少精彩的實例加以闡釋。

如何準備演講，如何發表演講是本書另外兩個重要內容。知道說什麼未必知道怎樣說。人們由於表達方式不當而被誤解以至陷入窘境的教訓並不少見。因此“怎樣說”有時顯得更為重要。在這方面本書也介紹了許多方法和技巧，既有語言的也有非語言的。例如，選定題止，搜集資料，起草提綱，模擬演練以及演講時的體態、手勢、表情、聲音的控制等方面都在討論範圍之內。

總之，對渴望提高英語演講能力而缺少有關知識和經驗的讀者來說，書中包含的許多內容想必會有所幫助。

CHAPTER I AN OVERVIEW

總論

WHY STUDY PUBLIC SPEAKING

Gain favorable recognition

Become more confident and establish a more positive attitude

Realize potential

Improve English

EVERYONE CAN BE A PUBLIC SPEAKER

Choose the proper topic

Prepare thoroughly

Believe that most listeners are not fault-finding

Assume that at the worst you are as nervous as other speakers

Commit yourself to the speech

Know the theory and practice hard

Tips for overcoming stage frighf

PUBLIC SPEAKING AS COMMUNICATION

Communication and language

Basic qualities Of language

VARIETIES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

InfOrmative SPeech

Persuasive SPeech'

Entertaining Speech

StimuIating Speech'

Four types of delivery

COMPONENTS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

The Introduction

The Body

The Conclusion

PROCEDURES OF SPEECH PREPARATION

Deciding on a topic

Collecting Materials

Organizing Materials

Outlining

Rehearsal

SPEAKER SKETCH

Cicero

CHAPTER Ⅱ PREPARING THE SPEECH

演講的準備

DETERMINING THE TOPIC AND PURPOSE

General Purpose and Specific Purpose

Knowing yourself

Knowing the audlence

Knowing the occasion

COLLECTING MAThRIAL

ORGANIZING MATERIAL

Determine the Points

Arrange the Points

The chronological Pattern

The sPatial Pattern

The process Pattern

The Chuse-dect pattern

The problem-solution Pattern

The topical pattern

OUTLINING THE SPEECH

Preparation Outline

Key-word Outline

Sample Study

SPEECHES GIVEN ON SOME SPECIAL OCCASION

The Speech of Introduction

Adapt to the speaking s1tuation

Be brief

Be proPer and sincere

The Speech of Welcome

Introduce or identde the newcomer

Compliment the welcomed

Mention the reason brithe

Extend,iordial welcome at the end

The Speech of ResPOnse to a Welcome

Identify the group you are responding to

Extend your appreciation or thanks

Express your hope or determination

The Speech of Farewe1l

Regrets about leaving

Respect for the group you are leaving

Hope for future contacts

Farewell to the group

SPEAKER SKETCH

Abraham Lincoln

CHAPTER Ⅲ BEGINNING AND ENDING THE SPEECH

演講的引言與結尾

ANALYSIS OF THE INTRODUCTION

The Function of the introduction

Rerml the topic Of pour speech

Get the attention and interest of the audience.

Establish a favorable relationship with the audience

Provide background information

Tips for preparing the introduction

Sample study

ANALYSIS OF THE CONCLUSIoN

The Function of the Conclusion

Signal the end

Reemphasize the central idea

Tips for preparing the conclusion

Sample Study

SPEAKER SKETCH

Martin Luther King, Jr.

CHAPTER N SUPPORTING IDEAS

支持要點

ILLUSTRATION OR EXAMPLE

The function of illustration

Tips for using illustration

Sample study

STATISTICS

The function of statistics

Tips for using statistics

Sample study

TESTIMONY

The function of testimony

Tips for using testimony

Sample study

COMPANISON

The Literal Comparison

The Figurative Comparison

Sample Study

CONTRAST

The Function of Contrast

Sample Study

EXPLANTION

The Function of Explanation

Sample Study

SUPPORTING IDEAS WITH EMOTlONAL PROOFS

The Function of Emotional Proofs

Sample Study

SPEAKER SKETCH

John F. Kennedy

CHAPTER V LANUAGE CHOICE

語言選擇

ORAL CHARACTERISTICS

Personal and direct

Instantly Understandable

USING LANGUANE EFFECTIVELY

Clarity and Simplicity

Appropriateness

Vividness and Impressiveness

Denotative Meaning and Connotative Meaning

Synonyms

Transitions

Sample Transitions

FIGURES OF SPEECH

Simile

Metaphor

Personlficat1on

Antlthesis

Climax

Understatement

Synecdoche

Metonymy

A1literation

OnomatoPOeia

OTHER KINDS OF RHETORICAL DEVICES

Parallelism

Word Repetition

Rhetorical Question

Periodic Sentence

REPETITION OF A SINGLE WORD IN ROOSEVELTS INAUGURAL ADDRESSES

CHAPTER Ⅵ DELIVERY

表達

FOUR KINDS OF DELIVERY

Reading from a Manuscript

Reciting from Memory

Impromptu Speaking

Extemporaneous Speaking

THE IMPORTANCE OF DELIVERY

The Importance of Delivery

The features of effective delivery

Adapted to the whole speaking situation

Both audible and visible

Confident

Sincere and enthusiaslic

Tips for delivery

VISIBLE CODE

The Function of Visible Code

The Components of Visible Code

Personal Appeu ra nce

Facial Expression

Eye Contact

Posture

Movement

Gestures

AUDIBLE CODE

Improve Your Voice

Speech Sound Production

Breathing

Tips for Protecting and Improuing Your

Make Best Use of Your Voice

Volume

Rate

Pause

Varlety

Clarlty

Pronunciation

PRACTICE AND REHEARSAL

Rehearsal

Other Kinds of Praclice

APPENDIX

附錄

REFERENCE BOOKS

參考書目