冰川物理學

冰川物理學

冰川物理學是研究冰川物理性質的冰川學分支。內容包括從雪到冰的演變、冰川的能量和物質平衡、冰的結構和變形、冰川的構造和組構、冰川的溫度分佈、冰川內的水狀況和水力效應、冰川運動（含冰床變形）等。

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1簡介 2目錄

簡介

圖書分類: 科技

版本: 第4版

書號: 978-0-12-369461-4

發行時間: 2010年

地區: 美國

語言: 英文

目錄

Preface to Fourth Edition ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. . xi

Preface to First Edition .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. xii

Chapter 1 Introduction. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. . 1

1.1 Introduction.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .1

1.2 History and Perspective ..................................2

1.3 Organization of the Book .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...6

Further Reading. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .9

Chapter 2 Transformation of Snow to Ice .. ... .. ... ..11

2.1 Introduction ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . 11

2.2 Snow, Firn, and Ice . .... .. .. .. .... .. .. . 11

2.2.1 Density of Ice . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 12

2.3 Zones in a Glacier .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 13

2.3.1 Distribution of Zones ... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 15

2.4 Variation of Density with Depth in Firn . .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . 16

2.5 Snow to Ice Transformation in a Dry-snow Zone .................................. 19

2.5.1 Processes ................................................................... 19

2.5.2 Models of Density Profiles in Dry Firn .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 22

2.5.3 Reduction of Gas Mobility ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 25

2.6 Hoar Layers . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 26

2.7 Transformation When Meltwater Is Present. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 27

Further Reading. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 28

Chapter 3 Grain-Scale Structures and Deformation of Ice .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ..29

3.1 Introduction ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 29

3.2 Properties of a Single Ice Crystal ................................................... 30

3.2.1 Structure .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 30

3.2.2 Deformation of a Single Crystal .......................................... 32

3.3 Polycrystalline Ice: Grain-scale Forms and Processes . . .. .. .. .. .. . 33

3.3.1 Orientation Fabrics: Brief Description ................................... 33

3.3.2 Impurities and Bubbles ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 33

3.3.3 Texture and Recrystallization ............................................. 35

3.3.4 Formation of C-axis Orientation Fabrics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 43

3.3.5 Mechanisms of Polycrystalline Deformation . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 48

3.4 Bulk Creep Properties of Polycrystalline Ice. . .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 51

3.4.1 Strain Rate and Incompressibility . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. . 51

3.4.2 Deviatoric Stress........................................................... 52

3.4.3 Bench-top Experiments: The Three Phases of Creep . ................... 52

3.4.4 Isotropic Creep Behavior. ................................................. 54

3.4.5 Controls on Creep ParameterA........................................... 64

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