時間狀語從句

時間的連詞連接句子作狀語的句子

用表示時間的連詞連接一個句子作狀語,這樣的主從複合句就是時間狀語從句。連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有:when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 這裡要注意一點的是,如果主句是一般將來時,從句只能用一般現在時表示將來意義。

簡介


由when,while引導的時間狀語從句。
例如:連詞細解
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當你以為自己一無所知的時候,你就是在開始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground ,it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當真理被埋在地下的時候,它在生長,它感到壓抑,它蓄存著這麼一種爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就會炸破一切!
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.當你的手在空氣中揮動的時候,你就能感覺到空氣在流動。
when, while和as的區別
when, while和as的區別
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.(我們的校長邊談邊笑。)
主要時態:主現從不限;主過從四過;主將從現。
when, while和as的區別
when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞,可以是瞬時動詞。並且when有時表示“就在那時”。例如:When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時,我停止吃飯。(瞬時動詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當我住在農村時,我常常為他擔水。(延續性的動詞)
We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開,就在那時他進來了。
While引導的從句的謂語動作必須是延續性的,並強調主句和從句的動作同時發生(或者相對應)。並且while有時還可以表示對比。例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續性的動詞,was reading和was watching同時發生)。
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球,而你喜歡打籃球。(對比)
As表示“一邊……一邊”,as引導的動作是延續性的動作,一般用於主句和從句動作同時發生;as也可以強調“一先一后。例如:
We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。(as表示“一邊……一邊”)
As we were going out, it began to snow.當我們出門時,開始下雪了。(as強調句中兩個動作緊接著先後發生,而不強調開始下雪的特定時間)
由before和after引導的時間狀語從句
注意before引導的從句不再用否定式的謂語,並且當before引導的從句位於主句之後,有時譯成“就,才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關係。當主句用將來時,從句總是用現在時;如果before引導的主句謂語用的是過去完成時,則從句動詞多用一般過去時,這樣以便體現動作發生的先後。After表示主句動作發生在從句動作之後。主句和 從句的動作的時間關係正好與before引導的從句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結婚還不到四個月就離婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細考慮過以後,告訴我你是怎樣決定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之後,我們回家了。(從句用過去完成時,主句用一般過去時)
由till或until引導的時間狀語從句。
till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強調句型中多用until。並且要注意的是:如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時,必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續性動詞時,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表達的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之後他才開始教我英語。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到達之前請等我。
由since引導的時間狀語從句。
since引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞,又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下,從句謂語動詞用一般過去時,而主句的謂語動詞用現在完成時。但在It is +時間+since從句的句型中,主句多用 一般現在時。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來,我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以後,你到哪裡去了?
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老闆離開北京有五個月了。
由as soon as, 等引導的時間狀語從句。
這些連詞都表示“一……就” 。例如:
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早飯,我立即到那裡去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息,馬上趕到了出事地點。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就給你來電話。
注意:hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當於as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。當hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位於句首時,主句應用倒裝語序。例如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛到家,就被邀請開始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起,他就起床勞動去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下,他就進來了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。
由by the time引導的時間狀語從句。
注意時態的變化:在一般情況下,如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時,主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時;如果從句的謂語動詞用一般現在時,主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。例如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時,我已經寫完這本書了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候,我將已經完成此工作了。
由each time, every time等引導的時間狀語從句。
例如:
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次來哈爾濱,總是來看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當那個人說“說實在話”的時候,我猜想他就要說謊了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,見你更年輕了。
由as long as和so long as引導的條件狀語從句
這兩個連詞表示“只要“例如:
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以隨意到哪裡去,只要在天黑以前回來就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反對這種境況。
一、when“當……時”,引導時間狀語從句時,從句用於表示主句動作發生的特定時間。如:
The days get longer when spring comes. = When spring comes, the days get longer.春天到來時,白天變得更長了。
二、before“在……之前”,引導時間狀語從句時,表示主句動作發生在從句動作之前。如:
Close the door before you leave the room.離開房間前關上門。
三、after“在……之後”,引導時間狀語從句時,表示主句的動作發生在從句的動作之後。如:
I went to school after I finished my breakfast.吃完早飯後我就去上學了。
四、as soon as“一……就……”,引導時間狀語從句時,表示主句動作緊接著從句動作發生。如:
I’ll call you as soon as I get home.我一到家就給你打電話。
五、until, till“直到”,引導時間狀語從句。當主句謂語動詞是延續性動詞時,主句常用肯定形式;當主句謂語動詞是非延續性動詞時,主句要用否定形式,即“not…until/till…”意為“直到……才……”。如:
I’ll wait here until/till the rain stops.我將在這裡等著,直到雨停。
You can’t go home until/till you finish your work.直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家。

位置


狀語從句的兩手絕活——時態的呼應和從句的位置。請看:
第一點
時態呼應一般來講,複合句都要遵循主、從句時態呼應規律,狀語從句也不例外。即主句用現在時,從句也用現在時;主句用過去時,從句也用過去的某種時態。如:
Be careful when you cross the road.過馬路時要小心。
時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句
You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了,你必須去看醫生。
主句是一般過去時,從句也要用一般過去時。如:
When he was seven years old, he could swim.當他七歲時就會游泳。
She turned off the light before she left the office.她離開辦公室前就關了燈。
第二點
主從句的位置,大多數情況下,從句可以位於主句之前,也可以位於主句之後。不過從句在前時,主從句之間必須用逗號隔開。如:
Please tell me when he comes back. = When he comes back, please tell me.
這是一般現在,一般過去,現在進行,過去進行,現在完成,過去完成,現在完成進行,一般將來,過去將來時的時間狀語:
1.Often,usually----------動詞原型do,does,am,is, are
2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-------動詞過去式did,was,were
3.now--------be+doing
4.while,at that time,-------was doing,were doing
5.since從句,for 2 days,------have done,have been
+過去的某個時間點----had done,had been
7.與現在完成相似-------have been+持續動詞ing形式
8.一切表示將來的時間狀語,in+一段時間-------將來要發生的一般性動作,
will,shall+原型
9.與一般將來時相似-----------would+原型
時間狀語
一般現在時every…, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,
一般過去時yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
一般將來時next…, tomorrow, in+時間,
現在完成時 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently
過去完成時before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
過去進行時this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
將來進行時soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening

從句語法


時間狀語
在複合句中,擔任狀語成分的從句稱為狀語從句。時間狀語從句說明主句動作發生或進行的時間。狀語從句由連詞引導,其位置通常可以放在句首或句末。放在句首是,常用逗號與主句分開;放在句末時,從句前面往往不加逗號。
引導的時間狀語從句的主從複合句中,動作發生在先的用過去完成時,在後的用過去時。表示前面的敘述所沒有提到過的信息。它總是對所描述的事件予以引人注目的強調,意為“這時;突然”;當位於句末的分句具有引種用法時,大致有以下三種情況:
A. when 分句前面的分句使用過去進行時。如:
(1) He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑著的時候,門突然
開了,他妻子走了進來。
(2) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想著這件事時,突然聽到有人叫我
的名字。
B. when 分句前面的分句使用 was (were) about to, was (were) on the point 等。如:
(1) We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們剛要出發就開始下雨了。
(2) He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他剛要走就有人敲門。
C. when 分句之前的分句用過去完成時,其中 sb had hardly / scarcely /barely … when 已成為固
定片語。如:
(1) We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我們剛剛入睡,鈴聲就響了起來。
(2) He had scarcely arrived when he had to leave again. 他剛剛到達就又要離開了。
表示條件,相當於 if ,引導條件狀語從句。如:
How can I get a job when I can't even read or write?如果我連讀和寫都不會,我怎麼能找到
工作呢?
4. 表示對比,主要有以下兩種情況:
A. 相當於 whereas, while, since,意為“既然;然而”。如:
(1) How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me?既然他們不願聽我的,
我又怎麼能幫助他們弄明白呢?
(2)They have only three copies when we need five. 他們只有三本,而我們卻需要五本。
B. when 從句中使用虛擬語氣,意為“本來……卻……”。如:
(1) She paid when she could have entered free. 本來可以免費入場,而她卻付了款。
(2) She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time. 她本來下次有可能獲得成
功,但她卻不再嘗試了。
(3) They were gossiping, when they should have been working. 他們本該工作,卻在那裡說別人的閑話。
原因狀語
原因狀語從句說明主句動作發生或進行的原因,一般由because,since,as等引導。because語氣較強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或者已為人們所知,就用as 或since。
用法
時間狀語從句和原因狀語從句的用法可以用八個字來概況:主將從現或 主過從過
主將從現:主句用了將來時,從句就要用現在時。
主過從過:主句用了過去時,從句也要用過去時。

一詞多義


對before從句的理解
before的本意為“在……之前”,根據具體語境還可理解為“還沒來得及/還沒有……就……,趁著還沒……就……,不知不覺就……,……才……”等。如:
I had not sat long before he came back. 我沒坐多久他就回來了。
He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。
Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我還來得及插話,他就給我量好了尺寸。
I’ll water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁著天還沒黑把花澆好水。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做學生,后做先生。
Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 時間過得飛快,她不知不覺就在那裡度過了三個月
I will die before I will betray my country. 我寧可死也不會背叛我的國家。
對since從句的理解
1. since從句的謂語動詞是終止性動詞照字面意思理解。如:
I’ve been feeling down since I lost my job. 自從失去工作后,我的情緒一直處於低潮。
2. since從句謂語動詞延續性動詞,且為現在完成時時,仍然按字面意思理解。如:
She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自從我住到城裡,她就一直不來看我。
3. since從句謂語動詞延續性動詞,且為一般過去時時,按與字面意思相反的意思理解。如:
I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病癒以來取得了很大的進步。
4.since前有ever,或從句謂語動詞是be且後接表示人成長過程中的某個階段或年齡的名詞、形容詞時,仍然按字面意思理解。如:
I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我從還是個孩子時就一直住在這兒。
對till/until從句的理解
1. 主句為肯定式,主句謂語動詞必須為持續性動詞,且該動詞所表示的動作或狀態一直延續到until/till從句所表示的時間為止,可譯作“(直)到……”。如:
He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回來。
2. 主句為否定式(包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little等否定詞的肯定句),若主句謂語動詞是非持續性動詞,則該動詞所表示的動作在until/till從句表示的時間開始發生。一般先譯從句“直到……”,后譯主句,not 譯成“才”,即“直到……才……”。如:
His mother didn’t leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡著了,他母親才離開。
Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散會才能離開。
3. 主句為否定式,若主句謂語動詞是持續性動詞,則須根據上下文去理解until/till從句的含義,一般譯為“直到……才……”或“沒有到……”。如:
He didn’t wait until/till I returned. 他沒有等到我回來。
She didn’t sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回來才睡著。

其他


從屬連詞

引導時間狀語從句的普通類從屬連詞有when(當……時),while(在……期間),as(當……,一邊……一邊……),before(在……之前),after(在……之後),since(從……以來),till/until(直到),whenever(無論何時),as soon as(一……就)等。如:
When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 當我走進教室時,他正在看書。
He read a newspaper as he went along. 他邊走邊看報紙。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們必須趁熱打鐵。
I will tell you after they leave. 等他們走後我再告訴你。
I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告訴他什麼時候想回來就回來。
I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回來。
Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 時間一旦失去就再也得不到了
注意:在時間狀語從句中,不能用一般將來時、過去將來時態或將來完成時,而要用相應的一般現在時態、一般過去時或現在完成時來代替。如:
I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到達那裡就打電話給你。
She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她說她一到達那裡就給我電話。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 等車停穩后才下車。

強調句

強調句的句型是:
It is (was) 被強調部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分
It was seven o'clock when we reached the station.(狀語從句)
=It was "at" seven o'clock "that" we reached the station.(強調句,定語從句)
強調句和時間狀語從句的區別是:時間狀語從句可以去掉,不影響句子的完整性。而強調句that/who引導的句子是不能去掉的,否則句子就不完整了,單獨的“It was at seven o'clock”是錯誤的。
時間狀語從句和定語從句的區別其實跟上面說的是一樣的,強調句型其實就是一種特殊的定語從句。本身最簡單的表達法是:We reached the station at seven o'clock.然後為了強調"at seven o'clock",就變成了強調句It was "at seven o'clock" that we reached the staion,同時它也是定語從句:從句“that we reached the staion”修飾的是it=the time.

時態問題

時間狀語從句常用的連詞有:when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as,once。
【例】
Before I could get in a word, he had already given orders.
我還來不及插話,他已經吩咐下去了。
After the students were all in the lab, the professor brought out three bottles.
在學生們全進入實驗室后,教授拿出三個瓶子來。
學習時間狀語從句應注意以下幾點:
(1)時間狀語從句中一般不使用將來時態,儘管主句使用將來時態,一般使用一般現在時態或現在完成時態。
【例】
I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
我明天回來,我將繼續做這項工作。
Please tell him about it when you see him back.
你看到他回來,就告訴他這件事。
(2)till/until引導時間狀語從句,主句的謂語動詞如是延續動詞,可使用否定或不用否定,如果是不延續動詞,必須使用否定形式。
【例】
He didn't go to bed until it was 12 o'clock last night.
他昨晚十二點才上床睡覺。
They worked until it was dark.
他們一直工作到天黑。
(3)as soon as, the moment, every time, each time, the minute, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time,next time, any time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly等表示時間的詞語,後面也可以接時間狀語從句,表示“一……就……”。
【例】
I recognized you the minute I saw you.
我一見到你,就認出了你。
By the time he was fourteen, he had built his own lab.
到他十四歲的時候,他已建起自己的實驗室。
(4)主句使用過去進行時或過去完成時,或是was/were about to do Sth. ,後面從句使用when從句,而且謂語動詞使用一般過去時,這時when不當“當……時候”解,而當“突然”解。
【例】
They were working in the fields when it began to rain.
他們在地里正干著活時,天突然下起雨來。
He was about to leave when the telephone rang.
他剛要走,突然電話鈴響了。