狀語從句
狀語從句
狀語從句（Adverbial Clause）是指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。狀語從句中的從句可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。
狀語從句 根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導，也可以由片語引起。從句位於句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位於句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
1.時間狀語從句
2.地點狀語從句
3.原因狀語從句
4.條件狀語從句
5.目的狀語從句
6.讓步狀語從句
7.比較狀語從句
8.方式狀語從句
9.結果狀語從句
一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就將給你打電話。
（這是由as soon as引導的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現在時，表示一般將來時，絕不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.如果我早完成工作的話，我現在已經到家了.。
（從句中的謂語動詞用現在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時，絕不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。
（從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，絕不可用will come back）
從句通常結構：主 do sth.\do sb.（條件）+ V.\結果
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔當。例如：
1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.（副詞）
當然，我們的祖父母樂於接到我們的電話。
2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.（介詞狀短語）
我們工作得很努力，從日出到日落。
3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day.（不定式）
為了幫助我殘疾的阿姨，我每天花一小時在她的房子里。
4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.（過去分詞）
從遠處看，農舍顯得空蕩蕩。
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.（原因狀語從句）
我知道如何點燃篝火，因為我曾經做過。
狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位於句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須後置。
狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。儘管種類較多，但由於狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它並不難。狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點。現分別列舉如下：
一、時間狀語從句
• 常用引導詞：when（在…時）, as（當…時）, while（在…期間）, as soon as（一……就……）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之後）, since（自從...以來） , not...until（直到…才）until/till(直到…時）等
• 特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant（瞬間，頃刻）, immediately , directly（不久，立即）, no sooner … than（一...就...）, hardly …when（剛一...就...） , scarcely … when（剛...就.../一...就...）,as soon as(一…就…)。
• 當用no sooner … than，hardly …when，scarcely … when作為引導詞的時候，從句要部分倒裝。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
直到我成為了一個成年人我才意識到我的母親是多麼的特殊。
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
當約翰看電視時，他的妻子正在做飯。
The children ran away from the orchard(果園), the moment they saw the guard.
孩子們一看到守衛就逃出了果園。
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
我一到家就開始下雨了。
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
每當我聽取你的建議時，我就會惹上麻煩。
二、地點狀語從句
常用引導詞：where
特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
一般來說，有工廠的地方空氣污染就嚴重。
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
無論你去哪裡，你都應該努力工作。
地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導，已經形成了固定的句型，例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.
他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪裡都受到熱烈歡迎。
You should have put the book where you found it.
你應該把書放回原來的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.
哪裡有了中國共產黨，哪裡的人民就得解放。
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.
有海就有海員。
三、原因狀語從句
常用引導詞：because, since, as,
特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
我的朋友都不喜歡我，因為我又英俊又成功。
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
既然每個人都到了，讓我們開始我們的會議吧。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
更高的收入稅是有害的，因為它或許會阻礙人們努力賺錢。
四、目的狀語從句
常用引導詞：so that, in order that
特殊引導詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
老闆要求秘書快寫函件以便他能在上面簽字。
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
為了讓後面的學生聽得更清楚，老師有意地提高了他的聲音。
注意，由for引導的是一個並列句，不是原因狀語從句，但有表原因的意思，是並列連詞。
五、結果狀語從句
常用引導詞：so … that, such … that, so that...
特殊引導詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
他很早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
這是一個好機會，千萬不能錯過它
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
他激動到這個程度，以至於他昨晚睡不著
This news is exciting, so that he jumped up.
這個消息太令人激動了，以至於他跳了起來
六、條件狀語從句
常用引導詞：if, unless,whether(whether...or not)
特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case（美語中表條件，英語中表目的）, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
如果總統同意，我們將開始我們的項目
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
只要你繼續努力，你一定會成功的。
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
如果沒有人反對，我們就在這裡開會。
七、讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
儘管我很尊敬他，但是我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
老人都很喜歡游泳，即使天氣很惡劣。
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
不論他如何努力，她都不會改變她的主意。
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
他不會聽你說什麼。
八、比較狀語從句
常用引導詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導詞：the more … the more …（越來...越...） ; just as …， so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B,the 比較級 ,the 比較級.
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她媽媽一樣脾氣很壞。
The house is three times as big as ours.
這房子是我們的三倍大。
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
你運動的越多，你就越健康。
Food is to men what oil is to machine.
食物之於人，猶如油之於機器。。
九、方式狀語從句
常用引導詞：as, as if
特殊引導詞：the way
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入國問禁，入鄉隨俗。
She behaved as if she were the boss.
她表現得好像她是老闆。
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
有時，我們用父母教導我們的方式教導我們的孩子。
十、狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
當博物館完成，該博物館將於明年向公眾開放。
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
如果可能，他將去海邊度假的話
另外，比較狀語從句經常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
我比他高
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
溫度越高，氣壓越大
就狀語從句而言，有時為了使語言言簡意賅，常常將狀語從句進行"簡化"。狀語從句的"簡化"現象在口語中較為普遍，而且在高考中的復現率也較高。因此，有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語從句的"簡化"現象常存在於以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導的讓步狀語從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導的時間狀語從句;④由as, as if等引導的方式狀語從句;⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
(1)當狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的話，他會幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you。
除非情況對你來說不方便，否則你必須出席這次會議。
(2)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用於以下幾種情形:
連詞+形容詞
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
他小時候就學會了騎自行車。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.
她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。
連詞+名詞
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
他在孩子時代就樂於助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
儘管他曾是個農民，但現在他是位著名的導演了。
連詞+現在分詞
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
儘管近來他一直在學數學，但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
連詞+過去分詞
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀請，否則他不會和我們一道去那裡。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected
.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
連詞+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
當時他站起來好像要說什麼。
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.
即使他來負責，他也解決不了這個問題。
連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.
他到美國之前就懂英語了。
注意：當從句主語和主句主語不一致時，從句部分要麼用完全形式，要麼用獨立主格結構來表達。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
當會議結束時，人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over）
概念
在複合句中，由時間狀語從句表示主句動作發生的時間。(在複合句中，要注意主句和從句的時態大多都要保持一致。）
要點
時間狀語從句，由以下連詞引導：
when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態一致。一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句主要用一般現在時。
when在...的時候
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(在)莫扎特4歲的時候，開始寫音樂作品。
while在...期間
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅行期間參觀了許多地方。
as在...的同時；一邊...一邊..；隨著
We alwalys sing as we walk.
我們總是一邊走一邊唱。
I'll let him know as soon as she comes.
她一來，我就會讓他知道。
after在...之後
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework .
他做完作業之後就離開教室。
before 在...之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生來這裡之前已經在一家銀行里工作一年了。
as soon as 一。。。就。。
We began to work as soon as we got there.
我們一到那就開始工作。
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就給你寫信。
since 自。。。以來 到現在
表示自過去的一個起始時間點到目前(說話時間)為止的一段持續時間。主句一般用現在完成時，從句用一般過去時。還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語：since three years ago(從三年前至今)表示。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.
自格林先生來中國以來，他就在這所學校教書。
till /until直到。。
都可以作連詞，連接時間狀語，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。（強調將一般用until）
They walked till /until it was dark.
他們一直走到天黑。
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
小明直到他爸爸回來才離開家。
by the time 到...為止 (所在句子的主句應用完成時)
/當...的時候
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
他到家的時候，他爸爸已經走了。
By the time I got to school, the class had already begun.
我到校時，已經開始上課了。
注意事項
由when, while, as引導的時間狀語從句
例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當你以為自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當真理被埋在地下的時候，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的時候，請你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 當你的手在空氣中揮動的時候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我們的校長一邊談一邊笑。
when, while和as的區別
when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞，又可以是瞬間動詞。並且when有時表示“就在那時”。
例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我停止吃飯。(瞬間動詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當我住在農村時，我常常為他擔水。（延續性的動詞）
We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時他進來了。(瞬間動詞)
While引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續性的，並強調主句和從句的動作同時發生（或者相對應）。並且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）
As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導的動作是延續性的動作，一般用於主句和從句動作同時發生；as也可以強調“一先一后。例如：
We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）
As we were going out, it began to snow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強調句中兩個動作緊接著先後發生，而不強調開始下雪的特定時間）
as when while的辨析
as when while都表示主、從句動作同時發生，三者差異如下：
表示“一邊......一邊"的意思
as
1、強調兩個動作一前一後發生，並間隔較短時
2、用於發生時間較短時
when
1、還可以表示從句動詞的動作在主句動詞的動作"之前 "或"之後"發生。
2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那個時候)
while
1、用於時間較長時
2、強調兩個動作同時進行，並表示對比時
有時這三個連詞可以互換，有時不可以。
It was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那裡時，正在下大雨。 ( 動作同時發生，when可換為as, 但不能換為while，因為get是點動詞.)
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完這篇文章之後，她給我打了電話。( 從句動作發生在主句之前，注意時態表達，只能用when )
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(當)我到了電影院時，電影已經開演了。(從句的動作發生在主句之後，只能用when,並要注意時態)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要離開，忽然電話響了。( 此時不能放在句首。主句動詞一般表達“正在” “即將”）
while, as不能代替
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
她以為我在談她女兒，然而，實際上在談論我女兒。(錶轉折，對比，when, as都不能代替它)
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外國人買紀念品時，那女孩給警察打了電話。(表示主句，從句的動作同時發生，while后引導的狀語從句的動詞必須是延續動詞不能是點動詞，因為它表示較長時間)
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
媽媽擔心，因為小愛麗絲病了，特別是他父親不在家的時候。(此時as ,when, while可通用)
由before和after引導的時間狀語從句
before的句型：
It is/was (not) +時間+before+從句 用了多長時間......
注意before引導的從句不再用否定式的謂語，並且當before引導的從句位於主句之後，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關係。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現在時；如果before引導的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現動作發生的先後。After表示主句動作發生在從句動作之後。主句和從句的動作的時間關係正好與before引導的從句相反。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結婚還不到四個月就離婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細考慮過以後，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之後，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）
由till或until引導的時間狀語從句
till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換（till一般不放句首），但是在強調句型中多用until。並且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續性動詞，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之後他才開始教我英語。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到達之前請等我。
由since引導的時間狀語從句
since引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現在完成時。但在It is +時間+since從句的句型中，從句多用一般過去式。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以後，你到哪裡去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹住在北京有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老闆在北京有五個月了。
by the time的用法
by the time 的意思是“截止到......（時間）為止”“當...時候”，後面接時間狀語從句。例如：
The other students had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.截止到我到來之前，其他學生已經打掃完衛生了。
They had stopped serving meals by the time we got to the restaurant.截止到我們到達餐館時，他們已經停止買飯了。
知識擴展
1. It is since從...來多長時間了(因為since +從句或名詞，表示一段時間)
It is five years since we met last time.從我們上次見面已經五年了。
2. It is +before…(...才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
過了很長時間我才睡著。
It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.
過了一個小時，警察才來。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute等引導的時間狀語從句，這些連詞都表示“一……就……”。
例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早飯，我立即到那裡去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當於as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位於句首時，主句應用倒裝語序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進來了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.他剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。
由by the time引導的時間狀語從句
注意時態的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果從句的謂語動詞用一般現在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。例如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經寫完這本書了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引導的時間狀語從句。例如：
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當那個人說“說實在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，見你更年輕了。
8.由as long as和so long as引導的時間狀語從句。這兩個連詞表示“有多久……就多久”，通常譯為“只要”例如：
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以隨意到哪裡去，只要在天黑以前回來就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反對這種境況。
when和while的區別
when 和 while 都可表示“當.....時....”“這時候.....”when后及短暫性動詞（land，come in，meet，leave 等），while后及延續性動詞（shop，visit，read，sleep 等）
when 後接一般過去式。eg：The girl was shopping when she saw the alien.
What was Charlotte doing when the alien took off ?
while 後接過去進行時。eg：While the alien was buying a souvenir , the boy called the police.
While the alien was reading the book , the boy called the TV station.
地點狀語從句 (adverbial clause of place)
由連詞where和複合關係詞wherever (=no matter where )引導.
例如：
Where+地點從句，（there）+主句。
【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪裡……哪裡就……”；主句在從句後面時，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時，一般都不用there。例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪裡都受到熱烈歡迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本來應該把書放回原來的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪裡有了中國共產黨，哪裡人民得解放。
Anywhere/ wherever+地點從句，+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是個副詞，但是，常可以引導從句，相當於連詞，意思相似於wherever, anywhere引導的從句可位於主句之前，也可以位於主句之後。而wherever本身就是個連詞，表示“在何處，無論何處”。例如：
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。
1.Where there is a will , there is a way.
有志者事竟成。(諺語)
2、It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.
它將是一所混合式學校，那裡的兒童並不都是殘疾。(在限定性定語從句中對限先行詞起限定作用。)
3.Wherever you go , I go too.
無論你到什麼地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)無論何處，多用於句首。
4.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.
無風不起浪。(諺語)
5.While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.
疑問副詞where後跟不定式，構成不定式短語.
注 地點狀語從句易與定語從句的引導詞為where混淆，其根本區別在於定語從句有先行詞，而地點狀語從句沒有。
要點：條件狀語從句由連詞if, unless (=if not) as long as或in case provided(that
) on condition (that) 引導。
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力學習，就會取得好成績.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我會去參加聚會的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去，我就去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不馬上走，你將會遲到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
難點提示：用條件狀語從句時要注意時態的正確使用，當主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現在時.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
一般將來時，一般現在時
They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
一般將來時, 一般現在時
而主句為情態動詞作為謂語時，從句要用一般現在時。
主句為祈使句，從句要用一般現在時。
即所謂主將從現，主情從現，主祈從現。
但在虛擬語氣中就不同了：
1.與現在事實相反 主句過去將來時，從句過去時 可記為 if did , would do
2.與過去事實相反 主句過去將來完成時，從句過去完成時 if had done , would have done
3.與將來事實相反 主句過去將來時，從句過去將來時 if should do ,would do 或 if were to do ,would do 或 if did , would do 詳見虛擬語氣詞條。
要點: 由連詞because, since, as引導, 也可由 now that 等詞引導
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
我昨天沒去上學，因為我生病了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都來了, 讓我們開始開會吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
既然你身體不好, 你就不該熬夜.
.難點——because , since , as , for,辨析
1） because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。
I didn’t go because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2）由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today ,because / for he is ill.
He must be ill for he is absent today.
3) as和for的區別：
通常情況下，as引導的從句在主句前，for連接的並列句只能放在在主句后。例：
As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同義句）
I stay at home for the weather is cold
注意：for 引導的是一個並列句，不屬於原因狀語從句的範疇，只是可以表原因而已。
要點：目的狀語從句由連詞that, so that, so…that , in order that 引導。
1. so that 以至, 以便
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
我將慢慢跑以至你能趕上我。
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
我把窗戶打開以使新鮮空氣可以進來。
2 .in order that=so that:為了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
不久我們將會讓你知道詳情，以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)
結果狀語從句由連詞( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導。
1. so…that 如此…以至於
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
科學家的報告很有啟發性，我們感到很興奮。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
他總是那麼努力，結果他取得了很大的進步。
2. such…that 如此。。。以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。
3.比較：so和 such
其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞片語，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little(這四個形容詞表多或表少時)連用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當於 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that與such…that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
+形容詞或副詞
+形+a(an)+單數可數名詞
so +many 或few+複數可數名詞 +that
+much或 little+不可數名詞
so that ,such…that 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句，
當他們引導目的狀語從句時，從句的謂語里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等詞。
so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結果，其中so為副詞，後接形容詞，副詞原型，當可數名詞前有many, few；不可數名詞前有much, little修飾時，應採用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n.。 such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數的，也可以是不可數的。如果這名詞是可數，單數，則必須在名詞前加冠詞a(an). 常見的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了很多跤，渾身數摔得清一塊紫一塊.
2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.
筆記本太少了，我一本也給不了你.
3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
天氣是如此之好，以至於我想去散散步.
4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.
麥克是如此誠實的一個人，以至於大家都相信他
(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)
5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.
天氣是如此之好，以至於我想去散散步.
要點: 表示讓步的狀語從句由連詞 though, although引導.
難點：
Though, although當雖然講, 都不能和but連用. Although,(though)…but的格式是不對的。但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. 所以though (although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
雖然他很富有, 然而他並不快樂.
Rihgt: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
儘管我們已經長大了，可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although 不能though 那樣用作副詞, 放在句首表示強調時要用even though.
1。He is looking fit, though.
但是，他看上去很健康. 考點
2。Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling.
儘管我一個字也不懂，我還是一直微笑著。
3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.
儘管他很年輕，他很有經驗。
典型例題
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2) as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 的片語后不可接名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）只可用於狀語從句中，而whatever 之類可以用於名詞性從句和狀語從句中，用數學的理念就是說whatever永遠大於等於no matter what
（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（對）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現在說什麼也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
（對）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯們只能給什麼吃什麼。
要點：比較狀語從句主要運用於形容詞和副詞的原級，比較級及最高級的句子之中。
1. as…as 和。。。一樣
Jack is as tall as Bob.
捷克和湯姆一樣高。
2. not so(as)…as …和不一樣
She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.
她不如她姐姐外向。
more…than (更)
This book is more instructive than that one.
這本書比那本書有教育意義。
1.The most…in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three.
這本書是三本中最有趣的。
2. the + 形容詞+est…of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city.
這條路是我們城市最繁忙的街道。
no more than只不過(嫌少的意思)
1。I have no more than two pens.
我只有兩支筆。
2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
去商店不過一英里。
not more than不如。。。；(前者不如後者)
1。Jack is not more diligent than John.
捷克不如約翰勤奮。
2。one of the + 名詞(複數)….之一(用於最高級)
Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.
韓梅是我們學校最好的學生之一。
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1） as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句后，但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用於正式文體，例如：
1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2） as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。在感官動詞look see feel smell taste hear 后多用真實語氣漢譯常作"彷彿……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實，就彷彿它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）
說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：
1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不轉睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。
2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要說什麼似的。
3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波濤衝擊著岩石，好像很憤怒。
寫作中能合理、正確地使用狀語從句，不但能地道的表達英文習慣，而且還能使文體結構更加嚴謹、美觀。例如下文：
My hobby
The hobby I enjoy most is fishing.
I started fishing (1)when I was five years old. I’ll never forget the day (2)when my father first took me fishing with him. On that day, I was holding a fishing rod (3)when a fish suddenly started pulling on the line. (4)I was so shocked that I fell into the water. But experience didn’t put me off and I have been fishing ever since.
Now I still go fishing with my father. And we often go out on Sundays and spend the whole day fishing in the river.
(1)是由when引導的時間狀語從句，這類從句的使用頻率很高。
(2)句是由I’ll never forget the day .及when my father first took me fishing with him.兩句組成。When在從句中做時間狀語。
(3)句也是由when 引導的時間狀語從句。When 常與suddenly 連用，主句常用過去進行是。譯為“正在……, 忽然……”.
(4)是以 so…that… (太…..以至於……)引導的結果狀語從句.
（5）the...the...
e.g.
The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes. The harder you work,the greater progress you will make. The more pictures I take,the more skilled I become.
【專題要點】
狀語從句考點概覽：
1.when， while， as引導時間狀語從句的區別;
2.名詞片語the minute， the moment， the first time， each time， any time等用作連詞，引導時間狀語;
3.before，和since引導時間狀語從句的用法以及常見的幾個句型;
4.till和until的用法;
5.although， though， as以及even if， even though引導讓步狀語從句的用法;
6.結果狀語從句中“so ----that”與“such---that”的區別;
7.條件狀語從句unless， providing/provided， suppose/supposing等引導詞的用法;
8.“疑問詞+ever”和“no matter+疑問詞”引導從句的用法
【考綱要求】考綱要求在複習狀語從句中掌握如下幾點：
1.全面掌握狀語從句的九大類別;
2.根據歷年高考試題，對狀語從句的考點要進行全面的歸納，在九大類別中的考查熱點中，重點把握在引導時間、地點、條件、讓步、比較、原因狀語從句的連詞運用上;
3.熟練運用出現頻率較高讓步狀語從句和原因狀語從句;
4.做好易混詞的辨析如：as， when， while等，時間狀語從句因為連接詞容易出現在一些常用結構里也經常出現;
5.掌握狀語從句中的時態、語態、語氣、省略;6.與其它從句、句型結合起來分析、辨析。
一、用適當的連詞填空：
1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China __________ he was fifty.
2. He began to work __________ he got there.
3. Let's begin our meeting __________everyone is here.
4. I like the English people, __________ I don't like their food.
5. __________ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.
6. He didn't come to the lecture, __________ he was very busy.
7. __________we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.
8. They will help you __________ you meet with difficulty.
9. _________ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.
10.I didn't join them yesterday evening __________ I had to go to an important meeting.
11. We would try to get a car __________we could all travel together more easily.
12. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday __________ she seldom wrote to her family.
13. We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you ___________we can.
14. The meeting became so disorderly __________ the speaker had to shout the audience down.
15. He was angrier __________ ever before.
16. __________ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.
17. The boy was so tired __________ he fell asleep on the bus.
18. Hard _________ he tried, he couldn’t force the door open.
二、單項選擇：
1.I’ll let you know ____ he comes back. A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although
2.She will sing a song ____ she is asked. A. if B. unless C. for D. since
3.We will work ____ we are needed. A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever
4.Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you. A. so that B. if C. when D. although
5._____ you go, don't forget your people. A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever
6.It is about ten years _____ I met you last. A. since B. for C. when D. as
7.They will never succeed, _____ hard they try. A. because B. however C. when D. since
8._____ still half drunk, hemadehis way home. A. When B. Because C. Though D. As
9._____ she was very tired, she went on working. A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of
10.Busy _____ he was, he tried his best to help you. A. as B. when C. since D. for
11.I learned a little Russian _____ I was at middle school. A. though B. although C. as if D. when
12._____ we got to the station, the train had left already. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When
13._____ the rain stops, we' 11 set off for the station. A. Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though
14.She was _____ tired _____ she could not move an inch. A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as
15.We didn’t go home _____ we finished the work. A. since B. until C. because D. though
16.I'll stay here _____ everyone else comes back. A. even if B. as though C. because D. until
17.Although it's raining, _____ are still working in the field. A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they
18.Speak to him slowly _____ he may understand you better. A. since B. so that C. for D. because
19.You'll miss the train ______ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until
20.When you read the book, you' d better make a mark _____ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where
21.We'd better hurry ______ it is getting dark. A. and B. but C. as D. unless
22.I didn' t manage to do it _____ you had explained how. A. until B. unless C. when D. before
23._____ he comes, we won't be able to go. A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
24.24. I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
25._____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where
26.What's the matter _____ they still haven't answered the telegram? A. when B. that C. though D. however
27.Bring it nearer _____ I may see it better. A. although B. even though C. so that D. since
28.You may arrive in Beijing early _____ you mind taking the night train. A. that B. though C. unless D. if
29.Helen listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what she needed. A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even though
30.More people will eat out in restaurants _____ they do today. A. than B. when C. while D. as
31._____ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework. A. Much B. However C. As D. Although
32.Poor _____ it may be, there is no place like home, _____ you may go. A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; whenD. that; wherever
33.The child was __ immediately after supper. A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bed
C. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed
34.The history of nursing __ the history of man. A. as old as B. is old than C. that is as old as D. is as old as
35._____ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York. A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although
36._____ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible. A. As B. Although C. Unless D. In spite of
37.Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _____ his father died. A. than B. as C. while D. when
38._____ David goes, he is welcome. A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever
39.The house stood _____ there had been a rock. A. which B. at which C. when D. where
40.Small _____ it is, the pen is a most useful tool. A. because B. so C. if D. as
41.After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _____ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as manyD. twice many as
42.The piano in the other shop will be _____, but _____. A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
43.John plays football _____, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
44.Although he is considered a great writer, A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read
45.___ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As
46.—What was the party like? —Wonderful. It' s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since
47.It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
48.If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
49.After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when
50._____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is
51.He will come to call on you the moment he ____ his painting. A. will finish B. finished C. has finished D. had finished
52.____ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time. A. No matter B. No wonder C. Though D. However
53.It was ____ that she couldn’t finish it by herself. A. so difficult a work B. such a difficult workC. so difficult workD. such difficult work
狀語從句練習題答案
一、1. when; 2. as soon as; 3. as; 4. though; 5. Whwerever; 6. because; 7. Since; 8. whenever; 9. Since; 10. because; 11. so that; 12. though; 13. as; 14. that; 15. than; 16. Even if; 17. that; 18. as
二、1~5 CADAC 6~10 ABCBA 11~15 DDCAB 16~20 DABAD 21~25 CABBA
26~30 BCCBD 31~35 BACDD 36~40 ADCDD 41~45 CCBAD 46~50 DBCBD
51~53 CDD
基本信息
- 中文名
- 狀語從句
- 外文名
- Adverbial Clause
- 別名
- 副詞性從句
- 類型
- 句型
- 作用
- 修飾動詞
- 分類
- 時間、地點、原因、條件