共找到2條詞條名為爪哇語的結果 展開
- 爪哇語
- 中國普通高等學校本科專業
爪哇語
爪哇語
印度尼西亞人數最多的民族——爪哇族——的語言。屬南島語系印度尼西亞語族。分佈於爪哇島中部、東部以及印度尼西亞西部部分沿海地區,使用人口約6000萬。爪哇語是印尼四大主島之一的爪哇島上東、中部居民主要採用的語言。
傳統爪哇文字母表
印度尼西亞人數最多的民族——爪哇族的語言。爪哇語的歷史一般分為3個時期:12~13世紀為古爪哇語,14~17世紀為中古爪哇語,17世紀起為現代爪哇語。古代爪哇語深受梵語的影響。伊斯蘭教傳入印尼之後,使用阿拉伯字母。句子的基本結構是主語--謂語--賓語。定語一般在名詞之後,狀語在動詞之後。有大量馬來語、梵語、阿拉伯語、漢語、葡萄牙語、荷蘭語及英語借詞。
爪哇語是分析型語言,句法關係由功能詞和詞序表示。
爪哇語是印尼四大主島之一的爪哇島上東、中部居民主要採用的語言。爪哇語屬南島語系中馬來-波利尼西亞語族的一個語支,和印尼語及馬來語算是近親,有語言人口7550萬人。不少講爪哇語的人都同時會說印尼語,但日常生活主要採用爪哇語。
現時爪哇語採用拉丁字母,但過去曾經採用一種很特別的爪哇文字來記錄他們的語言。
爪哇語是一種南島語系的語言,屬於馬來-波利尼西亞語族核心馬來-波利尼西亞語支的巽他語支,是爪哇島東部、中部和西部北岸的主要語言。它與馬來語、巽他語、峇里語、曼德勒語等語言的關係較密切,與蘇門答臘語、婆羅洲諸語、菲律賓語等的關係較疏。
說爪哇語的人,分佈在印度尼西亞爪哇島的中、東部,以及印度尼西亞西部部分沿海地區。以爪哇語為母語的人約有7550萬。
在馬來西亞,也有很多人說爪哇語,特別是在雪蘭莪州和Tohore省。但是,爪哇語與馬來語之間並不能完全相通。
爪哇語是南島語系中馬來-波利尼西亞語族的一個語支,它與印度尼西亞語和馬來語是近親。許多說爪哇語的人在正式場合和做生意時都可以說印尼語,他們也可以用印尼語與不說爪哇語的印尼人交流。
區域:東南亞的島嶼
使用人數:約8千萬~1億(包括第二語言使用者)
古代爪哇語深受梵語的影響。伊斯蘭教傳入印度尼西亞之後,使用阿拉伯字母。荷蘭人侵佔印度尼西亞后,改用拉丁字母。
爪哇語有6個母音,20個輔音。重音落在單詞的倒數第二個音節上。爪哇語是分析型語言,句法關係由功能詞和詞序表示。句子的基本結構是主語──謂語──賓語。定語一般在名詞之後,狀語在動詞之後。
英語 | 爪哇語 | |
正式 | 非正式 | |
Welcome | Sugeng rawuh | |
Hello | Halo | Halo |
How are you? I'm fine, thanks. And you? | Kadọs pundi kabaripun? | Piyé kabaré? |
Pangéstinipun saé | Apik-apik baé | |
Long time no see | Sampun dangu bọten kepanggih | Wis suwé ora ketemu |
What's your name? My name is ... | Asmanipun panjenengan sinten? | Jenengmu sạpạ? |
Nami kulạ ... | Jenengku ... | |
Where are you from? I'm from ... | Panjengan saking ngendi? | Kowe sạkạ ngendi? |
Kulạ saking ... | Aku sạkạ ... | |
Pleased to meet you | Kulạ seneng kepanggih kaliyan panjengan | Aku seneng ketemu karo kowé |
Good morning | Sugeng énjing | |
Good afternoon | Sugeng siang | |
Good evening | Sugeng sọnten | |
Good night | Sugeng dalu | |
Goodbye | Kepanggih malih benjang | Dah dah! |
Good luck | Mugi tansah diparingi rejeki | |
Cheers/Good health! | Mugi tansah diparingi kasarasan | Mugạ séhat terus |
Have a nice day | Mugi diparingi dinten ingkang saé | |
Bon appetit | Sugeng dhahar | Ayo dipangan |
Bon voyage | Sugeng tindhak | Slamet jalan |
I don't understand | Kula bọten mangertọs | Aku ora mudeng |
Please speak more slowly | Tulung, pendikan ingkang sarèh | Tulung, ngọmọng alọn-alọn |
Do you speak Javanese? | Punạpạ panjenengan saged bạsạ Jạwi | Ạpạ kowé isạ bạsạ Jạwạ |
Inggih, sethithik | Yạ, sithik | |
How do you say ... in Javanese? | Kadọs pundi panjengan ngendikaaken ... ing bạsạ jawi | Piye kowé ngọmọng ... ing bạsạ jạwạ |
Excuse me | Nuwun séwu | Mit - amit |
How much is this? | Pinten reginipun? | Pirạ regané? |
Sorry | Nyuwun pangapunten | Jaluk ngapurạ |
Thank you Response | Matur nuwun | Trim |
Sami-sami | Pạdhạ-pạdhạ | |
Where's the toilet? | Paturasanipun wọnten pundi? | Paturasané ạnạ ngendi? |
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | Piantun menika ingkang badhé bayar sedạyạ | Wọng kaé sing arep bayar kabèh |
Would you like to dance with me? | Punạpạ panjenangan kersạ nari kaliyan kulạ? | Ạpạ kowé gelem joged karo aku? |
I love you | Kula tresna panjengan | Aku seneng kowe |
Get well soon | Énggal dhangan | Ndang mari |
Leave me alone! | Késah kemaẉn! | Lungạ! |
Call the police! | Hubungi pulisi! | Hubungi polisi! |
Help! Fire! Stop! | Tulung! Kọbọngan! Stop! | Tulung! Kọbọngan! Stop! |
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year | Sugeng Riyạyạ Natal lan Warsạ Énggal | Slamet Natal lan Taun Anyar Sugeng Natal lan Sugeng Warso Enggal |
Happy Easter | Sugeng Riyạyạ Paskah | Slamet Paskah |
Happy Birthday | Sugeng Tanggap Warsạ | Slamet Ulang Taun |
One language is never enough | Setunggal bạsạ menika bọten cekap | Sak bọsọ kuwi ora cukup |
數字 | 爪哇語 |
1 | siji |
2 | loro |
3 | telu |
4 | papat |
5 | limå |
6 | enem |
7 | pitu |
8 | wolu |
9 | sångå |
10 | sepuluh |
11 | sewelas |
12 | rolas |
13 | telulas |
14 | patbelas |
15 | limålas |
16 | nembelas |
17 | pitulas |
18 | wolulas |
19 | sångålas |
20 | rongpuluh |
21 | selikur |
22 | rolikur |
23 | telulikur |
24 | patlikur |
25 | selawé |
26 | nemlikur |
27 | pitulikur |
28 | wolulikur |
29 | sångålikur |
30 | telung puluh |
31 | telung puluh siji |
36 | telung puluh enem |
40 | patang puluh |
41 | patang puluh siji |
46 | patang puluh enem |
50 | sèket |
51 | sèket siji |
56 | sèket enem |
60 | suwidak |
61 | suwidak siji |
70 | pitung puluh |
80 | wolung puluh |
90 | sangang puluh |
100 | satus |
200 | rung atus |
300 | telung atus |
400 | patang atus |
600 | enem atus |
700 | pitung atus |
800 | wolung atus |
900 | sangang atus |
1,000 | sèwu |
2,000 | rong èwu |
1,000,000 | sak yutå |
2,000,000 | rong yutå |
英語 | 爪哇語 |
family | kulåwargå |
male | lanang |
female | wadôn / wédhok |
sibling | sedulur |
cousin | sedulur misan |
cousin of same grand grandparent | sedulur mindho |
grandparent | simbah |
grandparent older brother/sister | simbah raka |
grandparent younger brother/sister | simbah rayi |
grandfather | simbah kakung |
grandmother | simbah putri |
parent | wong tuwå |
husband or wife (spouse) | garwa |
father | bapak |
mother | ibu |
child | anak |
son | putrå |
daughter | putri |
1st child | pembarep |
2nd child | panggulu |
middle children | pandhådhå |
2nd from bottom child | sumèndhi |
bottom child | wuragil |
grandchildren | putu |
grandson | putu lanang |
granddaughter | putu wadôn |
grand grandchildren | buyut |
older brother | kangmas |
younger brother | adhi lanang |
older sister | mbakyu |
younger sister | adik wadon |
older uncle | pakdhé |
younger uncle | paklik |
older aunt | budhé |
younger aunt | bulik |
nephew | keponakan lanang |
niece | keponakan wadôn |
adopted child | anak pupôn |
step father | bapak kuwalôn |
step mother | ibu kuwalôn |
step children | anak kuwalôn |
parent-in-law | måråtuwå |
father-in-law | bapak måråtuwå |
mother-in-law | ibu måråtuwå |
son / daughter-in-law | mantu |
relation between parent and parent-in-law | bésan |
brother / sister-in-law | ipe |
brother/sister of brother/sister-in-law | pripéan |