俚語

俚語

俚語(lǐyǔ),是指民間非正式、較口語的語句,是百姓在日常生活中總結出來的通俗易懂順口的具有地方色彩的詞語。地域性強,較生活化。俚語是一種非正式的語言,通常用在非正式的場合。有時俚語用以表達新鮮事物,或對舊事物賦以新的說法。

《新五代史·卷三十二·死節傳·王彥章傳》中記載,“彥章武人不知書,常為俚語謂人曰:豹死留皮,人死留名!”俚語亦作里語、俚言。外語中俚語:slang; slang expression 指的是粗俗的口語,常帶有方言性。

特點


大多數亞文化群喜歡從其常接觸的語言吸取辭彙,賦予新義,有些則借自外語,很少自行構詞的。因之俚語的形成,一如其他辭彙的變形、換義,採用隱喻、明喻、民間詞源、語音改變、語義擴大、縮小語義、截短法、縮略詞、褒義化、貶義化、轉喻、提喻、誇張、外來語及為防禁忌而使用委婉(特殊)說法等。每一種俚語都有其自身的歷史和流行的原因,時過境遷,或改變其義,或轉為標準語,或繼續用於某些飛地。某些俚語去掉其富於刺激性的色彩之後,亦為人們所接受。俚語的流通率無疑因新聞宣傳而不脛而走。有些俚語引進新概念,有些則提供新的表達方式,新穎、辛辣甚至聳人聽聞。扭轉語音、顛倒字母順序而成黑話,或以音、形並用組成韻語。但大多數俚語以形象的謬誤為其基礎,常以新詞用於現成的概念。最有效的俚語往往一語概括所指之物、用物之人及其社會背景。俚語已成為幽默大師及新聞記者所必需的工具,運用得當,可使語言別開生面,推陳出新。語言學家及其他社會科學家因俚語可以反映文化概況而詳加研究。

英語俚語


簡介

英語俚語是一種非正式的語言,通常用在非正式的場合,所以在用這些俚語是一定要考慮到所用的場合和對象,最好不要隨意用這些俚語。俚語因為是不正式語言,所以翻譯成中文時不能夠直接按字面意思翻譯,不然句子翻譯出來意思會很好笑。

解釋

俚語就是美國人或英國人生活里常用的語言,和大家學校里學的英語很不一樣。其實中文裡也有很多俚語如:哇塞、當了、不靠譜、絕倒、純爺們兒,這類的語言都是學校里不會教的,因為他們不夠正式。
俚語是學校里不教的“非正式”語言。
俚語可以讓說話變得更“生動”更“流利”。俚語比喻一般比較“誇張”,所以很適合用來表達自己的心情和想法。
俚語因為比較誇張,可以讓你的語言變得更“生動”、“流利”。

各國常用俚語


常見美國俚語

美國口語俚語(1)
1.clock in 打卡 Don't forget to clock in,otherwise you won't get paid. 別忘了打卡,否則領不到錢。
2.come on to 對...輕薄;吃豆腐 Tanya slapped Bill after he came on to her. Tanya在Bill對她輕薄之後打了他一巴掌。
3.come easily 易如反掌 Languages come easily to some people. 語言學習對有些人來說易如反掌。
4.don't have a cow別大驚小怪 Don't have a cow! I'll pay for the damages. 別大驚小怪的!我會賠償損失的。 5.push around 欺騙 Don't try to push me around! 別想耍我!
美國口語俚語(2)
1.keep one's shirt on保持冷靜 Keep your shirt on. He didn't mean to offend you. That's just the way he talks. 保持冷靜。那只是他說話的慣常方式,他並非有意要冒犯你。
2.cool it冷靜一點 Cool it. You are making me mad. 冷靜一點。你快把我逼瘋了。
3.joy ride兜風 Let's go for a joy ride. 讓我們去兜兜風。
4.rap說唱樂 Do you like rap music? I have trouble understanding the words. 你喜歡說唱音樂嗎?我聽不太懂其中的歌詞。
5.red-letter day大日子 This is a red-letter day for Susan. She made her first sale to a very important client. 今天是susan的大日子。她和一個非常重要的客戶做成了第一筆生意。
美國口語俚語(3)
1.go up in smoke成為泡影 Peter’s vacation plans went up in smoke when a crisis arose in the office. 辦公室出了問題,peter的假期泡湯了。
2.hit the road上路 We should probably hit the road. It’s going to take us two hours to get home. 我們可能該上路了吧?到家的兩個小時呢!
3.shape up You’d better shape up if you want to stay on. 如果你還想留下來的話最好乖一點兒。
4.scare the shit out of someone嚇死某人了 Don’t sneak up behind me like that. You scared the shit out of me. 不要那樣從後面突然嚇我。你嚇死我了。
5.pull strings運用關係(源於“拉木偶的線”) He pulled some strings and managed to get us front row seats for the concert. 他運用關係替我們拿到音樂會前排的位子。
美國口語俚語(4)
1.come again 再說一遍 Come again? I didn't quite understand what you said. 再說一遍好嗎?你剛說的話我不明白。
2.come clean 全盤托出,招供 The criminal decided to come clean. 罪犯決定供出事實。
3.spring for 請客 Let me spring for dinner. 我來請客吃飯吧。
4.spill the beans 泄漏秘密 Don't spill the beans. It's supposed to be a secret. 別說漏了嘴,這是個秘密!
5.stick in the mud 保守的人 Cathy is such a stick in the mud. She never wants to try anything new. Cathy真保守,她從不想嘗試新事物。
美國口語俚語(5)
1.john廁所 I have to go to the john. Wait for me in the car. 我要去廁所。在車裡等我一下。
2.keep in line管束 He needs to be kept in line. He's too wild. 他太野了,要好好管束一下。
3.jump the gun草率行事 Don't jump the gun. We have to be patient for a while. 不要草率行事。我們應該耐心等一會兒。
4.jump to conclusion妄下結論 Don't jump to conclusion. We have to figure it out first. 不要妄下結論,先把事情搞清楚。
5.lemon次 This car is a real lemon. It has broken down four times. 這輛車真次,已經壞了四次了!
美國口語俚語(6)
1.fishy 可疑的 His story sounds fishy. We should see if it's really true. 他的故事聽起來可疑。我們應該看看到底是不是真的。
2.flip out 樂死了 Chris flipped out when I told him that we won the game. 我告訴克里斯我們贏了比賽時,他樂歪了。
3.fix someone up 撮合某人 I think Xixi and Macaulay would make a perfect couple. Let's fix them up.
4.take a shine to 有好感 He really likes you. There are very few people he takes a shine to right away. 他真的喜歡你。他很少對人一見面就有好感的。
5.third wheel 累贅,電燈泡 You two go on ahead. I don't want to be a third wheel. 你們兩個去好了,我不想當電燈泡。
美國口語俚語(7)
1.ripoff 騙人的東西 What a ripoff! The new car I bought doesn't work! 真是個騙人貨!我買的新車啟動不了!
2.rock the boat 找麻煩 Don't rock the boat! Things are fine just the way they are. 別找麻煩了,事情這樣就夠好了。
3.blow it 搞砸了,弄壞了 I blew it on that last exam. 我上次考試靠砸了。
4.in hot water 有麻煩 He is in hot water with his girlfriend recently. 近段時間他跟女友的關係有點僵。
5.put one's foot in one's mouth 禍從口出 Wally is always saying such stupid thing. He has a real talent for putting his foot in his mouth. 沃力盡說這種蠢話。他真有惹是生非的本事。
美國口語俚語(8)
1.flop (表演、電影等)不賣座,失敗 The movie was a flop. Nobody went to see it. 這部電影賣座率奇低,沒有人去看。
2.drop in/by/over 隨時造訪 Feel free to drop in anytime. I'm usually home and I'd love the company. 歡迎隨時來坐坐。我通常在家,也喜歡遊人做伴。
3.drop a line 寫信 Drop me a line! 給我寫信!
4.duck 躲閃,突然低下頭 Remind little Bobby to duck his head when he crawls under the table so he won't hit his head. 提醒小波比爬到桌下時要低頭才不會受傷。
5.go with the flow 隨從大家的意見 Sharon is an easy-going person. She just goes with the flow. 沙倫是個隨和的人。人家怎麼說,她就怎麼做。

常見中國俚語

半熟臉兒:有些面熟。
棒棰:外行。
不老少:表示多。
打這兒:從此之後。
打住:到此為止,別再說了。
倒(二聲)氣兒,鬧氣兒:喘氣。
兜圈子,繞彎子:有話不直說,顧左右而言他,兜起圈子來。
cei(四聲):摔碎。
該幹嘛幹嘛去,哪兒涼快哪兒呆會兒:對比較討厭的人,想說滾蛋,語氣稍輕。
硌你腳了,耽誤你腳落(lao)地了:別人無意踩著你而沒有表示歉意, 諷刺的說法。
見天兒,漸天兒:天天。
說難聽點兒,……:從壞的方面看此事,給個鋪墊。
犄角旮旯兒:旮旯,角落。
死心眼兒,死心眼子:實心,老實。
礙眼:防礙別人。
挑眼了,挑理兒:挑理,怨別人辦事不合規矩。
再說吧:指不了了之吧。
走嘴,說突了嘴了:本來不想說,沒留神說出來了。
嘴皮子:說話的功夫。
逗悶子,逗樂兒:開玩笑。
菜了:了的加重詞。
例如:死~,歇菜,完~是指死了,完了。
遛彎兒,溜達:散步。
齁Hou一聲:用於吃到嘴裡的時的味道。很的意思,有時也指過甜或過鹹的.
例如:這糖~甜。
倍兒,特:特別、非常的意思。
例如:那樓~高。
多新鮮呢:這事兒有什麼值得奇怪的呢?
撂挑子:扔下事情不管了。
下套兒:下圈套的意思。
玩幺蛾子:耍花招兒的意思,
搓:吃的意思。
露怯:丟臉的意思。
大概齊:差不多的意思。
得,齊活:行了,好了的意思。有時也做語氣重詞。
涮:騙,耍的意思。
逗悶子:尋開心。
跟:在,多用在“哪兒”“那兒”之前。
例如:車~那兒呢。
歇:休息,完。
例如:~了吧?
瞎,抓瞎,沒戲:不行。
例:~了吧?
個色:形容人的性格不好相處。
起膩:男女之間親熱的樣子。
套磁:套近乎。
哥們兒,姐們兒,爺們兒:親近的稱呼,有時代指“那個人”。
甭,甭介:不用。
逗:可笑,有趣。
成心:存心,故意。
鞋倍兒:鞋子的意思。
找抽:找打。
牛:非常厲害的意思,帶有貶意。
門兒清:麻將術語演變而來,意為明白,清楚。
忒:特別,非常。
傻冒兒:傻,也代指傻子。
事兒:麻煩,羅嗦的意思。
味兒:味道大。
大法了:厲害了。
能個兒:厲害,長本事。
今兒,明兒,后兒,昨兒,前兒:指今天,明天,後天,昨天,前天,有時也在 後面加一“個”字。
打奔兒:奔兒是吻的意思,打奔兒指接吻。
踮兒,撒丫子:跑,有逃的意思。
杵(三聲),戳:站在那裡,呆在那裡的意思。
貧嘴:油嘴滑舌。
回頭:有機會。
蔫兒壞:表面上沒什麼,心裡特別壞。
沒勁:沒意思,對事或對人.
例如:你這人真沒勁。

常見英國俚語

【打招呼、感謝】
Alright? – Hello. How are you? 你好
Hiya, Aye up – These informal greetings both mean Hello and are especially popular in the north of England. The aye is pronounced like the letter A.這兩種非正式的打招呼用法,都是"你好"的意思,在英格蘭北部非常流行。其中"aye"發音與字母"A"同。
Howay – Let's go or Come on. 走吧
Ta – Thank you 謝謝
Cheers – This is usually said as a toast when you raise your glasses to celebrate, but it also means Thank you.這個詞通常在舉杯祝酒的時候說,但也可以表示謝謝。
【人的稱呼】
Bairn – Baby or young child 小孩子
Lad – Boy 男孩
Lass, Lassie – Girl 女孩
Bloke, Chap – Man 男人
Mate, Pal – Friend 朋友、夥計
Our kid – My brother or my sister 我的兄弟或姐妹
Don't be confused if someone calls you pet, duck, sweetie, love, chicken, chuck, chucky-egg or sunshine. People in the UK often use these terms when they are addressing other people as a sign of friendliness and affection. It is usually not appropriatefor younger people to use these terms with older people, however.如果有人叫你pet、duck、sweetie、love、chicken、chuck、chucky-egg或sunshine,不要覺得奇怪,英國人喜歡用這些昵稱來表達友好和喜愛之情。不過年輕人這樣稱呼長輩就有些不妥。
【社交、約會】
Do – Party. You would go to a do if you were going to a party in the UK.派對、聚會。在英國,參加派對就是"go to a do"。
BYOB – Bring your own bottle. In the UK, it is common for the party host to ask guests to bring their own drinks. You might see BYOB written on the invitation.自帶酒水。在英國,派對的組織者通常會讓客人自帶酒水,你可能在請帖上看到BYOB這個詞。
Cuppa – Cup of tea 一杯茶
Pissed – Americans may think this means upset. But in the UK it is the equivalent of being drunk.美國人可能認為這個詞表示心煩不高興,但在英國這個詞是喝醉了的意思。
E.g., "Is he pissed?"他是不是喝醉了?
Fancy – To find someone attractive 覺得某人迷人
E.g., "He just smiled. I think he fancies you!"他剛笑了。我覺得他喜歡你。
Ask out – To ask someone if they want to go on a date 邀請某人外出約會
E.g., "He asked me out! We're going to the cinema this Friday."
他約我了!我們周五要去看電影。
Chat up – To flirt with someone 和某人調情
E.g., "He was chatting me up at the party."派對上他一直在跟我搭訕。
Snog – To kiss passionately 熱吻
E.g., "My dad and mum were snogging at their anniversary party. I didn't know where to look."爸媽在結婚周年紀念上熱吻,我都不知道該往哪兒看了。
Chin-wag – Talk or gossip with friends 和朋友閑聊、八卦
E.g., "Fancy a chin-wag?"想聊聊嗎?
【金錢】
Quid – Equal to £1. The word doesn't change in the plural, so £50 is fifty quid.一英鎊。這個詞沒有複數形式,所以50英鎊就是fifty quid。
Skint, Broke – Poor or lacking money 很窮、沒錢
E.g. "I can't come to the restaurant as I'm skint this week."我不能下館子,本周是窮光蛋一個。
Minted, Rolling in it – Rich 有錢
E.g. "It was my birthday last week and I got some money off my family, so I am minted now!"上周我過生日,家裡人給了些錢,我現在發達了。
Splashing out – Spending a lot of money 花大筆錢
That's as cheap as chips – That is very cheap 非常便宜
That costs a bomb – That is too expensive 太貴了
That's a rip-off – That is not worth the price 搶錢呢吧
Cough up! – Pay your share of the bill! 快掏錢付你自己那份賬單!
【物品】
Brolly – Umbrella 雨傘
Telly – Television. Some people also say "What's on the box?" to mean "What's on TV?"電視。一些人也說"What's on the box?",表示電視上在演什麼。
Loo – Toilet 廁所
Mobile – Mobile telephone. It is unusual to say cellphone in the UK.手機。在英國說cellphone會很奇怪。
【強調、感嘆】
Bloody – One of the most useful swear words in British English. Mostly used as an exclamation of surprise e.g. "bloody hell".Something may be "bloody marvelous" or "bloody awful". It is also used to emphasize almost anything, e.g. "you're bloody mad", "not bloody likely".英國英語里最有用的髒話。多用於表達驚訝之情,如bloody hell(該死、見鬼、我的天)。某事物可以是bloody marvelous(超贊的),也可以是bloody awful(糟糕透了)。它還以用來強調幾乎任何事情,如you're bloody mad(你簡直瘋了)、not bloody likely(沒門兒)。
In the UK, you may hear people use the slang terms "well", "dead" or "mega" instead of "very" or "really". For example, "It was dead good" or "That exam was well difficult!" 在英國,你可能會聽見人們使用俚語用法的well、dead、mega來代替very或者really。如It was dead good(棒極了),或That exam was well difficult.(考試好難)。