尼瓦爾語
尼瓦爾語
尼瓦爾語,又譯內瓦里語(Newah Bhaye或Newari),又被稱為尼泊爾語言(नेपाल भाषा,Nepal Bhasa),是尼泊爾中部加德滿都谷地尼瓦爾人所操持的語言,屬漢藏語系藏緬語族,尼瓦爾語原是用蘭札體字母拼寫后改用天城體字母拼寫,是該語系中唯一一種以天城文字母為拼寫的語言。另外,在錫金、西孟加拉邦和西藏等地區也有操尼瓦爾語的居民。
其受到周圍語言如藏語、梵語等影響很深。最早的尼瓦爾語作品是寫於1114年的一張貝葉。其後,這種語言逐漸成為加德滿都一帶諸國的官方語言,被通稱為“尼泊爾語言”。
1769年之後,來自今尼泊爾西部的卡斯人(Khas或Khasas)征服了加德滿都谷地,建立了沙阿王朝,卡斯族的語言遂成為尼泊爾的官方語言,即尼泊爾語,而原尼泊爾語言被改稱為尼瓦爾語。
之後尼瓦爾語又經過了一次大的變動,從古尼瓦爾語轉變為新尼瓦爾語,這中間的界限很難確認,一般以中期拉臘政權為界,也就是在20世紀初左右。由於受到印歐語系諸語言的長期影響,新尼瓦爾語已經成為最雅利安化的漢藏語系語言,不但吸收了許多來自印歐語系的辭彙,甚至連語法也顯現出許多印歐語系的特點。
英語 | 尼瓦爾語 |
Welcome | लसकुस |
Hello (General greeting) | ज्वजलपा |
How are you? | म्हं फु ला? |
Reply to 'How are you?' | जितः ला म्हं फु, छन्तः ले? |
Long time no see | गुल्लि दत मखङ्गु। |
What's your name? | छिगू नां छु? |
My name is ... | जिगू नां ... खः। |
Where are you from? | छि गनं खः? |
I'm from ... | जि... नं खः। |
Pleased to meet you | छितः नापलानां लय्ताल |
Good morning (Morning greeting) | भिं सुथ |
Good day | भिं न्हि |
Good night | भिं चा |
Goodbye (Parting phrases) | |
Good luck! | भिंतुना |
Cheers! Good Health! (Toasts used when drinking) | |
Have a nice day | दिं बां लायेमा। |
Bon appetit / Have a nice meal | |
Bon voyage / Have a good journey | |
I understand | |
I don't understand | जिं मथुल |
I don't know | |
Please speak more slowly | भतिचा बुलुहुँ नुहंवानादिसँ। |
Please say that again | हाकनं धयादिसँ। |
Please write it down | कृपया च्वयादिसँ । |
Do you speak English? | |
Do you speakNewari? | छितः नेपालभास न्वंवाये वः ला? |
Yes, a little (reply to 'Do you speak ...?') | भतिचा वः। |
Speak to me inNewari / Nepal Bhasa | |
How do you say ... inNewari / Nepal Bhasa? | छिसं ... यातः नेपालभासय् छु धयादी? |
Excuse me | छ्यमा यानादिसँ |
How much is this? | थुकय्या गुलि? |
Sorry | छ्यमा यानादिसँ |
Please | |
Thank you | सुभाय् |
Reply to thank you | |
Where's the toilet? | खिखांमुगः गन दु? |
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | वय्कलं द्यबा पुलादी। |
Would you like to dance with me? | जि नापं प्याखं ल्हुइ मंदु? |
I miss you | |
I love you | जितः छ नापं मतिना दु। |
Get well soon | याकनं लनेमा। |
Go away! | |
Leave me alone! | जितः याकःचा त्वःताबिउ।! |
Help! | ग्वहालि! |
Fire! | मिँ! |
Stop! | आसे! |
Call the police! | पुलिस सःतादिसँ।! |
Christmas and New Year greetings | भिं ख्रिस्मस न्हू दँया भिंतुना |
Easter greetings | |
Birthday greetings | बुदिंया भिंतुना/जर्मनिंया भिंतुना |
One language is never enough | छगू भाय् जक्क गुबलें गाइ मखु। |
My hovercraft is full of eels Why this phrase? |