馬魯銘

馬魯銘 教授，男，江蘇鎮江人，1959.10 出生。

1978年2月考入同濟大學給水排水專業，1988年8月在同濟大學環境工程專業獲博士學位，同年分配到華東理工大學工作。1992年晉陞副教授，1997年晉陞教授，2001年獲博士生導師資格。曾於1994年和1996年作為高級訪問學者分別在紐西蘭奧塔戈大學和德國慕尼黑工業大學進修，2001年獲國務院政府特殊津貼，1999年5月至2001年5月任華東理工大學資源與環境學院院長，2001年6月調入同濟大學城市污染控制國家工程研究中心工作，同年10月任常務副主任。

一直從事水污染控制領域的研究，曾在大型污水處理廠運行工況與污水處理微生物生態學方面取得研究成果。1986年在導師的指導下對二次沉澱池的設計理論進行了研究，發現了傳統理論“固體能量法”存在的嚴重缺陷，提出了污泥濃度“雙界面四段分佈”的運行工況理論，這一成果已寫入全國統編教材水污染控制工程中。1989年首次建立了沉澱池流態的計算模擬方法，解決了大型沉澱池流態測定的難題；1990年發現了當時流行的周邊式二次沉澱池流態的嚴重缺陷；這兩項成果均經上海市科委鑒定達到國際先進水平。1991年對三槽式切換氧化溝運行工況進行研究，為運行周期的編程提供了理論依據。1997年起從事廢水生物處理中細胞內、外有機聚合物的研究，揭示了胞內聚合物形成規律，開發了高效低耗的脫氮新工藝。近年來，從事難降解有機物生物預處理的研究，在催化還原技術改善有機物可生化性方面做了有益嘗試。

參與了二十餘項科研項目，負責過包括自然科學基金項目在內的多項研究課題，發表學術論文三十餘篇，多篇被SCI和EI摘錄。

國際環境學科最具影響力的期刊ES&T（Environmental Science and Technology）在2008年8月刊載了同濟學馬魯銘教授關於難降解工業廢水控制的篇論文《Enhanced biological treatment of industrial wastewater with bimetallic zerovalent iron》，該期封面還登載了有關污水處理方法的照片

難降解工業廢水成目我國水污染控制的難點。由同濟大學城市污染控制國家工程研究中心研發的催化鐵與生物耦合方法，彌補了單純生物法的局限，具有降解毒害污染物效率高、成本低、運行穩定、不產生二次污染的特點，已在國內得到大規模的推廣應用。該方法在技術上有重大突破，具有原始創新性。據悉，此次是ES&T首次將我國開發的污水處理技術登載在該刊封面，並將馬魯銘教授的論文作了特別推薦。

以下是著名經濟學雜誌The Economist於2008.12.06出版的雜誌中對馬魯銘教授的催化鐵技術所做的介紹

Green iron Dec 4th 2008From The Economist print edition

Environment: Treating industrial wastewater with scrap iron can be a cheap and effective way to reduce pollution from factories

SCRAP conjures up visions of rusting junkyards on the wrong side of the tracks. But this image could soon be given a green makeover. Researchers have found that iron filings from factories can be a cheap and efficient way to clean up polluted water. Because such scrap is widely available, the idea could be particularly useful in developing countries.

The new approach is being used to treat wastewater in the Taopu Industrial District of Shanghai, which is home to many small pharmaceutical, petrochemical and textile factories that discharge water contaminated with dyes, phosphorus and nitrogen. The project, which began in August 2006, now treats about 60,000 cubic metres (about 13m gallons) a day of industrially contaminated water―which is about the volume of municipal wastewater that a small town generates.

Wei-Xian Zhang of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and Luming Ma of Tongji University in Shanghai have been using the Taopu wastewater facility to test their methods of treating industrial wastewater using iron filings. Iron powder (technically called zero-valent iron by chemists to show that it has not oxidised) has been used to treat groundwater for more than a decade. It is used to remove dangerous substances such as trichlorethene (used in paint strippers and adhesives) and arsenic. But no one had tried using iron filings to treat water discharged from factories before.

The standard technique for treating wastewater is to pass it through a series of tanks containing biological agents, such as biofilms, bacteria and other aerobic organisms, that break down the contaminants in a few days. But this often does not work with water from factories, especially as it may contain synthetic compounds that are toxic and not biodegradable.

Dr Zhang had previously invented a method to clean groundwater and contaminated soil using iron nanoparticles. It was effective, but such nanoparticles are expensive: about 0 a kilogram, which can prohibit their use in developing countries. Dr Zhang, who did his undergraduate degree in Shanghai before moving to America, thought iron filings, which have a large surface area, might provide a cheap alternative. Scrap iron currently costs about 20 cents a kilogram in China. His idea was to treat industrial wastewater by passing it through the iron filings, and then treat it as municipal wastewater. The non-biodegradable industrial chemicals are attracted to the surface of the iron shavings, where they react by sharing electrons with the iron and become degraded. (The iron gets oxidised in the process.) Any biodegradable contaminants that remain are then neutralised by the second step.

Dr Zhang found that treating the iron filings with a solution of copper chloride increased their effectiveness (and put the cost up by only about five cents a kilogram). He teamed up with Dr Ma in Shanghai about five years ago. Using 40kg of scrap iron, they ran a prototype experiment which showed that the method worked. Then the full-scale treatment facility came into operation. It consists of ten parallel cells containing a total of 914,000kg of iron filings, all purchased locally. (The iron lasts about two years before it has to be replaced.) Some 80% of the water treated is industrial discharge.

Compared with biological treatment alone, big improvements have been recorded. The removal of nitrogen has gone from 13% to 85%; phosphorus from 44% to 64%; and colours and dyes from 52% to 80%. Given the success of the technique, Dr Zhang and Dr Ma have now been invited by several municipalities in China to help with the establishment of similar treatment centres. The two researchers are also working on a much larger treatment centre in Shanghai that can handle 100,000 cubic metres of wastewater a day. Dr Zhang hopes his method will open a new chapter in the treatment of industrial wastewater, not least because the vital ingredient is cheap and abundant.