雕亞科

雕亞科

雕亞科,Aquilinae,是隼形目,鷹科的一個亞科。有13屬37種。體型大,喙和爪均強健,腿部羽毛一直覆蓋接近至腳爪。

簡介


雕亞科在我國有4屬9種:林雕Ictinaetus malayensis、烏雕Aquila clanga、草原雕Aquila nipalensis、白肩雕Aquila heliaca、金雕Aquila chrysaetos、白腹隼雕Hieraaetus fasciatus、靴隼雕Hieraaetus pennatus、棕腹隼雕Hieraaetus kienerii。金雕分佈遍及歐亞大陸、北美洲和非洲北部等地,為留鳥,在我國的分佈於東北及中西部山區。全世界共分化為5個亞種,我國有2個。體長近1米,體重6千克左右,翅展達2.3米,是雕中最大的一種。多棲息於高山草原和針葉林地區,性兇猛而力強,捕食雉類、鴿鳩、雁鴨、野兔,甚至幼年野豬、麝等。哈薩克人訓練其狩獵和驅趕野狼、看護羊圈,蒙古獵人更盛行馴養金雕來捕狼。數量稀少,且從未有人工繁殖成功過的記錄,為我國國家一級保護動物。

雕亞科的種類


冠雕屬 Morphnus (crested eagle)
冠雕 Morphnus guianensis (crested eagle)
角雕屬 Harpia (harpy eagle)
角雕 Harpia harpyja (harpy eagle)
新幾內亞雕屬 Harpyopsis (Papuan harpy eagle)
新幾內亞雕 Harpyopsis novaeguineae (New Guinea eagle)
菲律賓雕屬 Pithecophaga (Philippine eagle)
菲律賓雕(食猴鷹)Pithecophaga jefferyi
林雕屬 Ictinaetus (Indian black eagle)
林雕 Ictinaetus malayensis (black eagle)
雕屬 Aquila (golden eagles)
西班牙雕 Aquila adalberti (Adalbert's eagle)
楔尾雕 Aquila audax (wedge-tailed eagle)
金雕 Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle)
烏雕 Aquila clanga (greater spotted eagle)
格氏雕 Aquila gurneyi (Gurney's eagle)
白肩雕 Aquila heliaca (eastern Imperial eagle)
草原雕 Aquila nipalensis (steppe eagle)
小烏雕 Aquila pomarina (lesser spotted eagle)
茶色雕 Aquila rapax (tawny eagle)
黑雕 Aquila verreauxii (Verreaux's eagle)
細嘴雕 Aquila wahlbergi(Wahlberg's eagle)
隼雕屬 Hieraaetus (African hawk-eagles)
艾氏隼雕 Hieraaetus ayresii (Ayres's hawk-eagle)
白腹隼雕 Hieraaetus fasciatus (Bonelli's eagle)
棕腹隼雕 Hieraaetus kienerii (rufous-bellied eagle)
小隼雕 Hieraaetus morphnoides (little eagle)
靴隼雕 Hieraaetus pennatus (booted eagle)
非洲隼雕 Hieraaetus spilogaster (African hawk-eagle)
猛雕屬 Polemaetus (martial eagle)
猛雕 Polemaetus bellicosus (martial eagle)
黑白鷹鵰屬 Spizastur (black-and-white hawk-eagle)
黑白鷹鵰 Spizastur melanoleucus (black-and-white )
長冠鷹鵰屬 Lophaetus (long-crested eagle)
長冠鷹鵰 Lophaetus occipitalis (long-crested eagle)
鷹鵰屬 Spizaetus (hawk-eagles)
非洲鷹鵰 Spizaetus africanus (Cassin's hawk-eagle)
馬來鷹鵰 Spizaetus alboniger (Blyth's hawk-eagle)
爪哇鷹鵰 Spizaetus bartelsi (Javan hawk-eagle)
鳳頭鷹鵰 Spizaetus cirrhatus (changeable hawk-eagle)
蘇拉鷹鵰 Spizaetus lanceolatus (Sulawesi hawk-eagle)
華氏鷹鵰 Spizaetus nanus (Wallace's hawk-eagle)
鷹鵰 Spizaetus nipalensis (mountain hawk-eagle)
麗鷹鵰 Spizaetus ornatus (ornate hawk-eagle)
菲律賓鷹鵰 Spizaetus philippensis (Philippine hawk-eagle)
黑鷹鵰 Spizaetus tyrannus (black hawk-eagle)
非洲冠雕屬 Stephanoaetus (crowned hawk-eagle)
非洲冠雕(冕鷹鵰)Stephanoaetus coronatus
黑栗雕屬 Oroaetus (black-and-chestnut eagle)
黑栗雕 Oroaetus isidori (black-and-chestnut eagle)