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傳熱學
引進版
《傳熱學(引進版)》是2011年出版的圖書,作者是圓山重直。本書適合本科生及研究生作為教材使用,也適合相關工程人員作為技術參考。
這本《傳熱學》教材是在吸收日本機械學會原有資料精華的基礎上編譯而成的。著作系統地講述了傳熱工學的系統理論;以形象地圖片及圖表等手段描述了熱傳導、熱對流以及熱輻射等基礎理論,將枯燥的內容變得有趣而生動。大大地改變了傳統的輻射傳熱內容少而淺的問題,擴展而豐富了這部分的內容;並且豐富了相變傳熱的內容,對實際工程設計與理解啟動良好的作用。加強了傳熱應用部分,並且講解了傳熱問題的求解與設計等。
1. 編者眾多且皆為在各自研究領域有所成就的專家;
2. 內容為眾多編者反覆討論而最終成稿;
3. 圖表配置在相應頁的邊緣部分並採用雙色印刷以便於閱讀;
4. 主要專業術語均有英文註解並配有顏色突出顯示,從而重點突出易於學習;
5. 參考美國的FE考試(Fundamentals of Engineering Examination),習題集採用了部分英語習題。
第1章概論(Introduction)1
1?1傳熱學的意義(significance of heat transfer)1
1?2本書的使用方法(how to use this book)4
1?3傳熱的定義(what is heat transfer?)5
1?4熱量傳遞及其方式(thermal energy transport and its modes)6
1?4?1傳熱方式(modes of thermal energy transport)6
1?4?2熱傳導(conductive heat transfer)7
1?4?3對流換熱(convective heat transfer)8
1?4?4輻射換熱(radiative heat transfer)10
1?5單位與單位制(unit and system of units)11
1?5?1SI (The International System of Units)11
1?5?2SI之外的單位制(other system of units)12
?1?6傳熱的微觀理解(microscopic understanding of heat transfer)14
?1?6?1內能(internal energy)14
?1?6?2微觀能量的傳播(transfer of microscopic energy)14
1?7熱力學與傳熱的關係
(relation between thermodynamics and heat transfer)15
1?7?1閉口系統(closed system)15
1?7?2開口系統(open system)16
1?7?3邊界面的能量平衡(energy balance at the boundary surface)18
?1?7?4傳熱與熱力學第二定律的關係(relation
between the second law of thermodynamics and heat transfer)19
第2章熱傳導(Conductive Heat Transfer)23
2?1導熱基礎(basic of heat conduction)23
2?1?1傅里葉定律(Fourier?s law)23
2?1?2導熱係數(thermal conductivity)23
2?1?3導熱方程(heat conduction equation)25
2?1?4邊界條件(boundary condition)26
2?1?5導熱方程的無量綱化
(dimensionless form of heat conduction equation)27
2?2穩態導熱(steady?state conduction)28
2?2?1平板的穩態導熱(steady?state conduction through plane wall)28
2?2?2圓筒壁和球殼的穩態導熱
(Steady?state conduction through cylinder and sphere)33
2?2?3擴展的傳熱面(heat transfer from extended surfaces)35
2?3非穩態導熱(unsteady?state conduction)38
2?3?1瞬態導熱(transient conduction)38
2?3?2集總熱容法模型(lumped capacitance model)39
2?3?3半無限大物體(semi?infinite solid)40
2?3?4平板(plane wall)43
2?3?5瞬態導熱的簡化計演演算法(estimation of transient conduction)46
2?3?6使用有限差分法的數值解法
(numerical solution by finite difference method)48
傳熱學目錄第3章對流換熱(Convective Heat Transfer)55
3?1對流換熱概述(introduction to convective heat transfer)55
3?1?1身邊的對流換熱(convective heat transfer around us)55
3?1?2層流與湍流(laminar flow and turbulent flow)56
3?1?3傳熱係數與邊界層(heat transfer coefficient and boundary layer)56
3?2對流換熱基本方程組(governing equations for convective heat transfer)57
?3?2?1連續性方程(equation of continuity)57
?3?2?2納維 斯托克斯方程(Navier?Stokes equation)58
?3?2?3能量方程(energy equation)59
3?2?4不可壓縮流體的基本方程組
(governing equations for incompressible flow)61
3?2?5邊界層近似與無量綱數
(boundary layer approximation and dimensionless numbers)63
3?3管內流動的層流強迫對流(laminar forced convection in conduits)67
3?3?1充分發展流動(fully?developed flow)68
3?3?2充分發展的溫度場(fully?developed temperature field)69
3?3?3等熱流密度壁面加熱下的充分發展溫度場(fully?developed
temperature field for the case of constant wall heat flux)70
3?3?4等壁溫加熱下的充分發展溫度場(fully?developed
temperature field for the case of constant wall temperature)72
3?3?5溫度入口段的對流換熱
(convective heat transfer within a thermal entrance region)73
3?4物體繞流的層流強迫對流換熱(laminar forced convection from a body)75
3?4?1水平平板繞流的層流強迫對流換熱
(laminar forced convection from a flat plate at zero incidence)75
3?4?2任意形狀物體繞流的層流強迫對流換熱
(laminar forced convection from a body of arbitrary shape)77
3?5湍流對流換熱概述(introduction to turbulent convective heat transfer)79
3?5?1湍流的特徵(distinctive features of turbulence)79
?3?5?2雷諾平均(Reynolds averaging)81
3?6湍流強迫對流換熱(turbulent forced convective heat transfer)82
3?6?1圓管內湍流強迫對流(turbulent forced convection in a circular tube)82
3?6?2平板湍流強迫對流(turbulent forced convection from a flat plate)84
3?6?3強迫對流的實驗關聯式(correlations for forced convection)85
3?7自然對流換熱(natural convective heat transfer)87
3?7?1布辛涅斯克近似及基本方程組
(Boussinesq approximation and governing equations)87
3?7?2垂直平板附近的層流自然對流
(laminar natural convection from a vertical flat plate)88
3?7?3垂直平板附近的湍流自然對流
(turbulent natural convection from a vertical flat plate)91
3?7?4自然對流的經驗關係式
(empirical correlations for natural convection)91
第4 章輻射傳熱(Radiative Heat Transfer)99
4?1輻射傳熱的基本過程(fundamentals of radiative heat transfer)99
4?1?1傳熱的三種方式——傳導、對流、輻射
(three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation)99
4?1?2何謂輻射(what is radiation?)99
?4?1?3輻射的放射機理(emission mechanism of radiation)100
4?1?4導熱和輻射的傳熱機理
(heat transfer mechanisms of conduction and radiation)100
4?1?5輻射的反射、吸收和透過
(reflection, absorption and transmission of radiation)101
4?2黑體輻射(blackbody radiation)101
4?2?1普朗克定律(Planck?s law)102
?4?2?2普朗克定律的導出(derivation of Planck?s law)103
4?2?3維恩位移定律(Wien?s displacement law)105
4?2?4斯忒藩 玻爾茲曼定律(Stefan?Boltzmann?s law)105
4?2?5黑體輻射比率(fraction of blackbody emissive power)106
4?3真實表面的輻射特性(radiation properties of real surfaces)107
4?3?1放射率和基爾霍夫定律(emissivity and Kirchhoff?s law)107
4?3?2黑體、灰體和非灰體(blackbody, gray body and nongray body)108
4?3?3真實表面的發射率(emissivity of real surfaces)108
4?3?4真實表面的全發射率、全吸收率、全反射率和半球發射率(total and hemispherical
emissivity,total absorptivity and total reflectivity of real surfaces)109
4?4輻射換熱基礎(fundamentals of radiative heat exchange)110
4?4?1平行表面間的輻射換熱
(radiative heat exchange between parallel surfaces)110
4?4?2輻射強度(radiation intensity)111
4?4?3物體表面間的角係數(view factor between black surfaces)112
4?5黑體表面間以及灰體表面間的輻射傳熱
(radiative heat transfer between black and/or gray surfaces)114
4?5?1黑體表面構成的封閉空間內的輻射傳熱
(radiative heat transfer between enclosed multiple black surfaces)114
4?5?2灰體表面構成的封閉空間的輻射傳熱
(radiative heat transfer between enclosed multiple gray surfaces)115
4?6氣體輻射(gaseous radiation)117
4?6?1氣體輻射的吸收、發射機理
(mechanism of absorption and emission of radiation by gases)117
4?6?2氣體層的輻射吸收(比爾定律)
(absorption of radiation by gaseous layer; Beer?s law)118
4?6?3氣體輻射及其發射率
(emission of radiation from gaseous layer and emissivity)118
4?6?4實際氣體的發射率和吸收率
(emittance and absorptance of real gases)120
4?6?5含實際氣體的輻射傳熱
(radiative heat exchange including real gases)120
第5章相變傳熱(Heat Transfer with Phase Change)123
5?1相變和傳熱(phase change and heat transfer)123
5?2相變熱力學(thermodynamics for phase change)124
5?2?1物質的相和相平衡(phase of substance and phase equilibrium)124
5?2?2過熱度和過冷度(degrees of superheating and subcooling)125
5?2?3表面張力(surface tension)126
5?3沸騰換熱的特徵(characteristic of boiling heat transfer)128
5?3?1沸騰的分類(classification of boiling)128
5?3?2沸騰曲線(boiling curve)128
5?3?3影響沸騰傳熱的主要因素
(dominant parameters influencing boiling heat transfer)130
5?4核態沸騰(nucleate boiling)130
?5?4?1氣泡的生長與脫離(bubble formation and departure)130
5?4?2核態沸騰傳熱機理(mechanism of nucleate boiling heat transfer)134
5?4?3核態沸騰的關聯式(correlation of nucleate boiling heat transfer)135
5?5池沸騰的臨界熱流密度(critical heat flux in pool boiling)137
5?6膜態沸騰(film boiling)137
5?7流動沸騰(flow boiling)141
5?7?1氣液兩相流動形態(two?phase flow pattern)141
5?7?2管內沸騰傳熱(flow boiling heat transfer in tube)142
5?8凝結換熱(heat transfer with condensation)143
5?8?1凝結的分類和機理(classification and mechanism of condensation)143
5?8?2層流膜狀凝結理論(theory of laminar film?wise condensation)144
5?8?3努塞爾理論解析(Nusselt?s analysis)145
5?8?4水平圓管表面的膜狀凝結
(film?wise condensation on a horizontal cooled tube)149
5?8?5管束的膜狀凝結
(film?wise condensation on a bundle of horizontal cooled tubes)150
5?8?6不凝性氣體和凝結氣體混合的情況(condensation of
a mixture of non?condensing gas and condensing gas)151
5?8?7滴狀凝結(drop?wise condensation)152
5?8?8滴狀凝結的影響因素(dominant factor to drop?wise condensation)152
5?9熔解、凝固傳熱(heat transfer with melting and solidification)153
5?10其他的相變和傳熱(other phase change and heat transfer)157
第6章傳質(Mass Transfer)161
6?1混合物與傳質(mixture and mass transfer)161
6?1?1什麼是傳質(what is mass transfer?)161
6?1?2傳質物理(physics of mass transfer)161
6?1?3濃度的定義(definition of concentrations)162
6?1?4速度和流率的定義(definitions of velocities and fluxes)163
6?2物質擴散(diffusion mass transfer)165
6?2?1費克擴散定律(Fick?s law of diffusion)165
6?2?2擴散係數(diffusion coefficient)166
6?3傳質控制方程(governing equations of mass transfer)166
6?3?1組分守恆(conservation of species)166
6?3?2邊界條件(boundary conditions)168
6?4物質擴散舉例(examples of mass diffusion)169
6?4?1靜止介質中的穩態擴散
(steady?state diffusion in a stationary medium)169
6?4?2靜止氣體中的單向擴散(diffusion through a stagnant gas column)171
6?4?3伴隨均質化學反應的擴散
(diffusion with homogeneous chemical reactions)173
6?4?4向下降液膜中的擴散(diffusion into a falling liquid film)174
6?4?5非穩態擴散(transient diffusion)175
6?5對流傳質(convective mass transfer)176
6?5?1傳質係數(mass transfer coefficient)176
6?5?2對流傳質中的重要參數
(significant parameters in convective mass transfer)177
6?6熱質傳遞的耦合作用(coupling effect of heat and mass transfer)180
第7章傳熱的應用與換熱設備
(Applications of Heat Transfer and Heat Transfer Equipments)183
7?1換熱器的基本理論(fundamentals of heat exchangers)183
7?1?1總傳熱係數(overall heat transfer coefficient)183
7?1?2基於熱交換的流體溫度變化
(temperature change of fluids due to heat exchange)184
7?1?3對數平均溫差(logarithmic?mean temperature difference)185
7?1?4實際換熱器及其特點(practical heat exchangers and their features)186
7?2換熱器的設計方法(design of heat exchangers)188
7?2?1換熱器的性能(characteristics of heat exchangers)188
7?2?2換熱器設計(heat exchanger design)191
7?2?3換熱器性能的變化(characteristic change of heat exchangers)194
7?3設備的冷卻(cooling of equipments)195
7?3?1熱設計的必要性(necessity of thermal design)195
7?3?2熱阻(thermal resistance)195
7?3?3空冷技術(air?cooling technology)197
7?3?4液體冷卻(liquid cooling)199
7?4絕熱技術(insulation technology)200
7?4?1絕熱材料(insulation material)200
7?4?2絕熱技術(Insulation technology)201
7?5其他傳熱裝置(other heat transport devices)202
7?5?1熱管(heat pipe)202
7?5?2帕爾特元件的應用(application of Peltier element)203
7?5?3其他最新換熱技術
(other state?of?the?art heat exchange technologies)205
7?5?4填充層與流化層(packed beds and fluidized beds)206
7?6溫度與熱的測量(measurements of heat and temperature)208
7?6?1溫度測量(temperature measurement)208
7?6?2熱量與熱流密度的測量(measurements of heat and heat flux)210
7?6?3流體速度測量(measurement of fluid velocity)210
第8章傳熱問題的模型化與設計
(Modeling and Design of Heat Transfer Problem)215
8?1傳熱現象的尺度效應(scale effect in heat transfer phenomena)215
8?2無量綱數及其物理意義
(dimensionless numbers and their physical meaning)216
8?2?1量綱分析(dimensional analysis)216
8?2?2矢量性量綱分析(vectorial dimensional analysis)217
?8?2?3無量綱數與相似準則(dimensionless numbers and similarity law)218
8?3模型化與熱設計(modeling and thermal design)220
8?4實際換熱器的設計(practical design of heat exchangers)230
附錄235
北京大學工學院教授、主任,任日本東北大學流體科學研究所講師、日本同志社大學能源研究中心高級研究員等職,現任北京大學工學院能源與資源工程系教授、挪威科學技術大學客座教授、日本同志社大學訪問教授等職。
這本《傳熱工學》教材是在吸收日本機械學會原有資料精華的基礎上編譯而成的。著作系統地講述了傳熱工學的系統理論;以形象地圖片及圖表等手段描述了熱傳導、熱對流以及熱輻射等基礎理論,將枯燥的內容變得有趣而生動。大大地改變了傳統的輻射傳熱內容少而淺的問題,擴展而豐富了這部分的內容;並且豐富了相變傳熱的內容,對實際工程設計與理解啟動良好的作用。加強了傳熱應用部分,並且講解了傳熱問題的求解與設計等。