道本語
2001年首次公布的人工語言
道本語亦稱人工皮欽語(道本語: toki pona,含義:“好的語言”),是一種由加拿大翻譯員 Sonja Elen Kisa 創造的人工語言。在 2001年夏天首次在網上公布。它不是按照國際輔助語來設計的,而是圍繞道教哲學簡樸的生活設計。
道本語使用拉丁文字的字母系統。118 個單詞由 14 個字母書寫,其中 5 個字母代表母音(a, e, i, o, 與 u),9 個代表輔音(j, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, 與 w)。
道本語共有118個基本單詞。其辭彙系統是由這118個基本單片語合而構成的。這118個詞是圍繞著一個簡單樸素、無現代生活複雜性的生活觀點設計的。這些單詞分別取源於英語、巴布亞皮欽語、芬蘭語、喬治亞語、荷蘭語、阿卡迪亞法語、世界語、克羅埃西亞語、和漢語(包括官話與粵語)。
道本語分三個人稱,第一人稱指發言者、第二人稱指旁聽者、第三人稱指在發言者和旁聽者範圍之外的人物。這種表達方式僅作參考,實際上單數、複數完全可以混合使用。比如某人組織了一場聚會,且參與聚會的來客很多,這時某人可以用第三人稱複數的“ona mute”(他們),替代ona(他),來強調來客人數之多。但假如你去參加別人的聚會,並且跟隨你的人很多,那麼你就得用mi(我)而非mi mute(我們)來指你自己與跟隨你的參與者(複數)。
表達顏色的五色法
道本語僅有三個單詞用來形容數字,它們分別為:wan(一)、tu(二)、mute(多)。其他的數字可以用這三個基本數字的組合來形容。比如“三”則是tu wan(二 一),四則是tu tu(二 二)。另外ala(無)可以用來代表“零”,luka(手)可以用來代表“五”。
道本語里在一般情況下不為某物做性別上的分歧。但如果需要,可以在指示某物名詞的後面加上meli(雌、女)或'mije(雄、男)。例如:jan meli(人 女)則是“女人”,而jan mije(人 男)則是“男人”。
身體
例:
ma tomo Pape (巴別塔故事)
Pije翻譯
jan ali li kepeken e toki sama.
jan li kama tan nasin pi kama suno li kama tawa ma Sinale li awen lon ni.
jan li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e kiwen. o seli e ona."
jan mute li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e tomo mute e tomo palisa suli. sewi pi tomo palisa li lon sewi kon. nimi pi mi mute o kama suli! mi wile ala e ni: mi mute li lon ma ante mute."
jan sewi Jawe li kama anpa li lukin e ma tomo e tomo palisa.
jan sewi Jawe li toki e ni: "jan li lon ma wan li kepeken e toki sama li pali e tomo palisa. tenpo ni la ona li ken pali e ijo ike mute.
"mi wile tawa anpa li wile pakala e toki pi jan mute ni. mi wile e ni: jan li sona ala e toki pi jan ante."
jan sewi Jawe li kama e ni: jan li lon ma mute li ken ala pali e tomo.
nimi pi ma tomo ni li Pape tan ni: jan sewi Jawe li pakala e toki pi jan ali. jan sewi Jawe li tawa e jan tawa ma mute tan ma tomo Pape.
詩名—— wan taso(《孤獨》)
ijo li moku e mi.
mi wile pakala.
pimeja li tawa insa kon mi.
jan ala li ken sona e pilin ike mi.
toki musi o, sina jan pona mi wan taso.
telo pimeja ni li telo loje mi, li ale mi.
tenpo ale la pimeja li lon.
英語 | 道本語 |
Welcome | kama pona |
Hello (General greeting) | toki! |
How are you? | sina pilin seme? |
Reply to 'How are you?' | mi pilin pona. sina pona ala pona? |
Long time no see | tenpo mute la mi lukin ala e sina |
What's your name? | nimi sina li seme? |
My name is ... | nimi mi li ... |
Where are you from? | sina tan ma seme? |
I'm from ... | mi tan ma ... mi kama tan ma ... |
Pleased to meet you | mi pona tan ni: mi sona e sina. |
Good morning (Morning greeting) | tenpo suno pona |
Good afternoon (Afternoon greeting) | tenpo suno pona |
Good evening (Evening greeting) | pimeja pona! |
Good night | lape pona |
Goodbye (Parting phrases) | mi tawa (person leaving) tawa pona (person staying) |
Good luck! | o pona |
Cheers! Good Health! (Toasts used when drinking) | nasa pona |
Have a nice day | tenpo suno ni o pona tawa sina |
Bon appetit / Have a nice meal | moku pona |
Bon voyage / Have a good journey | tawa pona |
Yes | lon pali |
No | ala |
Maybe | ken ken la |
I understand | mi sona |
I don't understand | mi sona ala |
I don't know | mi sona ala |
Please speak more slowly | o toki kepeken tenpo mute |
Please say that again | o toki sin e ni |
Please write it down | o sitelen e ni |
Do you speak English? | sina toki ala toki e toki Inli? |
Do you speakToki Pona? | sina sona ala sona e toki pona? sina toki ala toki e toki pona? |
Yes, a little (reply to 'Do you speak ...?') | mi sona lili |
Speak to me inToki Pona | o toki e toki pona poka mi |
How do you say ... inToki Pona? | ... li seme lon toki pona? jan li toki e ni kepeken toki pona kepeken nasin seme ... |
Excuse me | o weka e ike mi |
How much is this? | mi wile pana e mani pi mute seme? an li ken esun e ni kepeken mani mute seme? |
Sorry | mi pakala |
Please | mi wile |
Thank you | pona |
Reply to thank you | pona |
Where's the toilet? | tomo telo li lon seme? |
This gentleman will pay for everything | jan mije ni li pana tan ali jan mije ni li pana mani tan ali |
This lady will pay for everything | jan meli ni li pana tan ali jan meli ni li pana mani tan ali |
Would you like to dance with me? | sina wile ala wile tawa musi poka mi? |
I miss you | sina weka tawa mi |
I love you | mi olin e sina |
Get well soon | o pona kepeken tenpo lili |
Leave me alone! | o tawa weka! |
Help! | o pana e pona tawa mi! o pona e mi! |
Fire! | seli! |
Stop! | o awen ala e ni! o pali ala! o tawa ala! |
Call the police! | a! mi wile e jan utala pi ma tomo ni! |
Christmas and New Year greetings | tenpo suno pi jan Jesu o pona! tenpo pimeja pi jan Jesu o pona! tenpo pi sike suno sin o pona! |
Easter greetings | tenpo suno pi lon sin pi jan Jesu o pona! |
Birthday greetings | sina sike e suno! o pona! |
One language is never enough | toki wan li pona lili toki mute li pona mute |
My hovercraft is full of eels Why this phrase? | tomo tawa supa mi pi lon sewi li jo e kala linja mute mute kala linja mute mute li lon insa pi tomo tawa supa mi pi lon sewi tomo tawa mi pi tawa kepeken kon li jo e kala linja mute lon insa ali ona |