直接引語

直接引語

引用別人的話有兩種方式,一種是直接引用別人原句,這叫直接引語;另一種是用自己的話來轉述別人話,且不能用引號,這是間接引語。

例句


如小明說:“我是一個學生”。
以直接引語表達則可以為“小明他說‘我是一個學生’”。
以間接引語表達則可以為“小明說他是一個學生”。

直接與間接


擴展

1、直接引語如果表示客觀真理,變間接引語時,時態不變。
2、主句謂語為一般現在時,變間接引語時,若主句謂語時態不變仍為一般現在時,從句時態也不變。
3、直接引語有明確表示時間的詞語,變間接引語時,時態不變。
4、若直接引語中含有could,must,should等情態動詞,變間接引語時,時態不變。
5、直接引述別人原話,叫直接引語。
6、用自己的話轉述別人的話,叫間接引語。

引語四點變化

I.時態變化
直接引語變為間接引語時,若主句為過去時態,變為間接引語的賓語從句的時態如下表:
直接引語間接引語
一般現在時一般過去時
一般過去時過去完成時
一般將來時過去將來時
現在進行時過去進行時
現在完成時過去完成時
過去完成時過去完成時(不變)
過去進行時過去進行時(不變)
cancould
maymight
mustmust/ had to
祈使句不定式
如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to,must, need)和已經是過去時的形式時,(例:could, should, would, might)不再變。
2時間狀語,地點狀語,指示代詞、動詞
直接引語變為間接引語時,有些時間狀語,地點狀語,指示代詞和動詞也要作相應的變動。
直接引語間接引語
時間狀語now 現在then 那時;當時
時間狀語today 今天that day 那天
時間狀語tonight 今晚that night 那天晚上
時間狀語this week 本周that week 上周
時間狀語yesterday 昨天the day before前一天
時間狀語the day before yesterday 前天two days before 前兩天
時間狀語three days ago三天以前three days before 前三天
時間狀語last week 上周the last week 前一周
時間狀語tomorrow 明天the next day /the following day第二天
時間狀語next week 下周the next week 第二個星期
時間狀語next month下個月the following month第二個月
時間狀語this morning這個早晨that morning那個早晨
時間狀語ago/last以前/最後before之前
指示代詞this 這that 那
指示代詞these 這些those 那些
地點狀語here 這裡there 那裡
動詞come 來go 去
動詞bring帶來take帶去
註:直接引語轉換成間接引語時的變化應視實際情況而定。假如就在當天轉述,today,yesterday,tomorrow等就不需改變;如果在當地轉述,here也不必改為there,come也不必改為go。另外,直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語,變為間接引語時,時態不變。
II.如何變句型
①直接引語如果是陳述句,間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如:
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語如果是反意疑問句、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.
如:
He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引語如果是特殊問句,間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳
述句語序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引語如果是祈使句,間接引語應改為"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引語如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句,變為間接引語時,通常用“suggest +動名詞(或從句)。”如:
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
⑥直接引語是感嘆句時,間接引語為what 或how 引導,也可以用that 引導。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
⑦如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句,在變為間接引語時,只改變主句中的謂語動詞,從句的一般過去時則不變。如:
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
III.人稱變化
遵從一主二賓三不變
一主:從句的第一人稱隨主句的主語變化。
eg: “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
二賓:從句的第二人稱隨主句的賓語變化。
eg: I often tell him , "You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “
三不變:從句的第三人稱不需要變化。
IV.注意
在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時,時態一般不變化。
①直接引語是客觀真理。
②主句謂語為一般現在時,變間接引語時,若主句謂語時態不變仍為一般現在時,從句時態也不變。
③直接引語是一般現在時,且表示反覆出現或習慣性的動作,變間接引語,時態不變。如:
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
④直接引語為諺語警句或名人名言時,時態不變。
⑤直接引語為客觀事實真理,時態不變,常考的有:
Light travels faster than sound.光速比聲速快。
The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。
The moon goes around the earth.月球繞著地球轉。