機械零件設計

《普通高等院校機電工程類規劃教材：機械零件設計》是結合近年來“機械設計”課程教學改革的特點編寫而成的。它立足培養面向21世紀的高級工程應用型人才，緊緊圍繞以“學”為中心，以“素質提高”為目的的指導思想，力求簡明精練、覆蓋面廣。《普通高等院校機電工程類規劃教材：機械零件設計》採用中、英文對照編排形式，充分體現高等教育面向21世紀教學內容和課程體系改革的成果，立足於與國際接軌的高級應用型人才培養的特點，重視基本工程素質教育。以實用為主導，突出實用性，重點突出了與工程應用密切相關的基本理論，每章末都提供了典型設計例題，重視方法、雙語能力、技能等綜合素質的培養。

本書採用中、英文對照編排形式，結合近年來“機械設計”課程教學改革的特點編寫而成，立足培養面向21世紀的高級工程應用型人才，並緊緊圍繞以“學”為中心，以“素質提高”為目的的指導思想，力求簡明精練、覆蓋面廣。

《普通高等院校機電工程類規劃教材：機械零件設計》可以作為普通高等院校機械類本科生或者專科生的雙語教材，也可供工程技術人員學習和參考。

Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 Subjects of This Course1

1.2 Features of This Course1

1.3 Nature of This Course2

1.4 The Process of Machine Design2

1.5 Design Criteria of Machine Elements3

1.6 Standardization of Machine Elements6

1.7 Machine Designer's Responsibility6

第1章 緒論8

1.1 本課程的研究對象8

1.2 本課程的特點8

1.3 本課程的性質8

1.4 機械設計的程序9

1.5 機械零件的設計準則9

1.6 機械零件的標準化11

1.7 機械設計人員的責任11

Chapter 2 Threaded Joints13

2.1 Overview13

2.1.1 Thread Manufacturing13

2.1.2 Thread Elements13

2.2 Principal Types of Screw Joints and Screw Fasteners15

2.2.1 Principal Types of Screw Joints15

2.2.2 Screw Fasteners16

2.2.3 Materials and Capacity Grades of Screw Fasteners17

2.3 Screw Tightening and Locking18

2.3.1 Screw Tightening18

2.3.2 Locking of Screw Joints19

2.4 Strength Calculations for Screw Joints21

2.4.1 Strength Calculations for Tension-Loaded Bolted Joints21

2.4.2 Strength Calculations for Bolted Joints Loaded in Shear24

2.5 Load Analyses of Bolt Groups24

2.6 Methods for Increasing the Strength of Bolted Joints29第2章 螺紋連接31

2.1 概述31

2.1.1 螺紋的形成31

2.1.2 螺紋的要素31

2.2 螺紋連接的主要類型和螺紋緊固件32

2.2.1 螺紋連接的主要類型32

2.2.2 螺紋緊固件32

2.2.3 螺紋緊固件的材料和性能等級33

2.3 螺紋的擰緊和防松33

2.3.1 螺紋的擰緊33

2.3.2 螺紋連接的防松34

2.4 螺紋連接的強度計算35

2.4.1 受拉伸載荷螺栓連接的強度計算35

2.4.2 受剪切載荷螺栓連接的強度計算37

2.5 螺栓組連接的受力分析37

2.6 提高螺栓連接強度的措施40

Chapter 3 Key Joints41

3.1 Parallel Key Joints41

3.2 Woodruff Key Joints42

3.3 Taper Key Joints43

3.4 Joints with Tangent Double-Taper Keys44

3.5 Strength Calculations of Parallel Key Joints44

第3章 鍵連接47

3.1 平鍵連接47

3.2 半圓鍵連接47

3.3 楔鍵連接48

3.4 切向鍵連接48

3.5 平鍵連接強度計算48

Chapter 4 Belt Drives51

4.1 Overview51

4.2 V-belts and V-belt Pulleys52

4.2.1 Specification for Standard Series V-belts52

4.2.2 V-belt Pulleys53

4.3 Forces and Stresses in Belts55

4.3.1 Forces in Belts55

4.3.2 Stresses in Belts56

4.4 Creep and Speed Rate in Belt Drives57

4.4.1 Creep of Belt Drives57

4.4.2 Speed Rate of Belt Drives58

4.5 V-belt Drive Design58

4.5.1 Failure and Design Criteria of Belt Drives58

4.5.2 Strength Calculation of V-belt Drives58

4.5.3 Design Procedure and Factor Choice for V-belt Drives60

4.5.4 Tensioning Device of V-belt Drives64

第4章 帶傳動67

4.1 概述67

4.2 V帶與V帶輪67

4.2.1 標準系列V帶的規格67

4.2.2 V帶輪68

4.3 帶傳動的受力與應力分析69

4.3.1 帶傳動的受力分析69

4.3.2 帶傳動的應力分析70

4.4 帶傳動的彈性滑動與傳動比70

4.4.1 帶傳動的彈性滑動70

4.4.2 帶傳動的傳動比71

4.5 V帶傳動的設計71

4.5.1 帶傳動的失效形式與設計準則71

4.5.2 V帶傳動的強度計算71

4.5.3 V帶傳動的設計步驟與參數選擇73

4.5.4 V帶傳動的張緊裝置76

Chapter 5 Chain Drives78

5.1 Overview78

5.1.1 Features of Chain Drives78

5.1.2 Principal Types of Chains79

5.1.3 Principal Types of Power Transmission Chains79

5.2 Roller Chains79

5.3 Kinematic Characteristics of Chain Drives81

5.3.1 Average Chain Velocity and Speed Ratio81

5.3.2 Instantaneous Chain Velocity and Speed Ratio81

5.3.3 Impact Loads in Chain Drives82

5.4 Design of Chain Drives83

5.4.1 Types of Failure and Rated Power of Chain Drives83

5.4.2 Principal Parameters Selection of Chain Drives85

5.4.3 Forces Acting on the Shafts of Chain Drives85

5.5 Lubrication of Chain Drives85

第5章 鏈傳動88

5.1 概述88

5.1.1 鏈傳動特點88

5.1.2 鏈的主要種類88

5.1.3 傳動鏈的主要類型88

5.2 滾子鏈89

5.3 鏈傳動的運動特性89

5.3.1 鏈的平均速度與平均傳動比89

5.3.2 鏈的瞬時速度與瞬時傳動比90

5.3.3 鏈傳動的動載荷90

5.4 鏈傳動的設計90

5.4.1 鏈傳動的失效形式與額定功率90

5.4.2 鏈傳動主要參數的選擇92

5.4.3 鏈傳動中作用於軸上的力92

5.5 鏈傳動的潤滑93

Chapter 6 Toothed Gearing95

6.1 Overview95

6.2 Principal Types of Toothed Gearing95

6.3 Types of Tooth Failure and Design Criteria96

6.3.1 Types of Tooth Failure96

6.3.2 Design Criteria of Gearing98

6.4 Gear Materials98

6.5 Force Analysis for Gearing99

6.5.1 Force Analysis for Spur Gears99

6.5.2 Force Analysis for Helical Gears100

6.5.3 Force Analysis for Bevel Gears101

6.5.4 Design Load102

6.6 Strength Calculations for Spur Gearing104

6.6.1 Contact Strength Calculations for Spur Gears104

6.6.2 Bending Strength Calculations for Spur Gears107

6.7 Strength Calculations for Helical Gearing110

6.7.1 Contact Strength Calculations for Helical Gears110

6.7.2 Bending Strength Calculations for Helical Gears111

6.8 Strength Calculations for Bevel Gearing112

6.8.1 Contact Strength Calculations for Bevel Gears112

6.8.2 Bending Strength Calculations for Bevel Gears112

6.9 Accuracy of Toothed Gearing113

6.10 Structure of Gears113

第6章 齒輪傳動118

6.1 概述118

6.2 齒輪傳動的主要類型118

6.3 輪齒的失效形式與設計準則118

6.3.1 輪齒的失效形式118

6.3.2 齒輪傳動的設計準則119

6.4 齒輪材料120

6.5 齒輪傳動的受力分析121

6.5.1 直齒輪受力分析121

6.5.2 斜齒輪受力分析121

6.5.3 圓錐齒輪受力分析122

6.5.4 計算載荷122

6.6 直齒圓柱齒輪傳動的強度計算123

6.6.1 直齒圓柱齒輪的接觸強度計算123

6.6.2 直齒圓柱齒輪的彎曲強度計算126

6.7 斜齒圓柱齒輪傳動的強度計算127

6.7.1 斜齒輪接觸強度計算127

6.7.2 斜齒輪彎曲強度計算127

6.8 圓錐齒輪傳動的強度計算128

6.8.1 圓錐齒輪接觸強度計算128

6.8.2 圓錐齒輪彎曲強度計算128

6.9 齒輪傳動的精度129

6.10 齒輪的結構129

Chapter 7 Worm Gearing133

7.1 Characteristics and Types of Worm Gearing133

7.1.1 Characteristics of Worm Gearing133

7.1.2 Types of Worm Gearing133

7.2 Principal Parameters and Geometrical Calculations of Cylindrical Worm

Gearing135

7.2.1 The Proper Meshing Condition of Cylindrical Worm Gearing135

7.2.2 Principal Parameters of Cylindrical Worm Gearing136

7.2.3 Geometrical Calculations of Cylindrical Worm Gearing138

7.3 Types of Failure, Design Criteria and Materials of Ordinary Cylindrical

Worm Gearing139

7.3.1 Types of Failure139

7.3.2 Design Criteria139

7.3.3 Materials140

7.4 Strength Calculations of Worm Gearing140

7.4.1 Force Analysis of Worm Gearing140

7.4.2 Strength Calculations of Worm Gearing141

7.5 Efficiency, Lubrication and Calculation of Heat Balance144

7.5.1 Efficiency of Worm Gearing144

7.5.2 Lubrication of Worm Gearing146

7.5.3 Heat Balance of Worm Gearing146

7.6 Structure of Worms and Worm Gears147

第7章 蝸桿傳動151

7.1 蝸桿傳動的特點與類型151

7.1.1 蝸桿傳動的特點151

7.1.2 蝸桿傳動的類型151

7.2 圓柱蝸桿傳動的基本參數與幾何計算152

7.2.1 圓柱蝸桿傳動的正確嚙合條件152

7.2.2 圓柱蝸桿傳動的基本參數152

7.2.3 圓柱蝸桿傳動的幾何計算154

7.3 普通圓柱蝸桿傳動的失效形式、設計準則及材料155

7.3.1 失效形式155

7.3.2 設計準則155

7.3.3 材料155

7.4 蝸桿傳動的強度計算155

7.4.1 蝸桿傳動的受力分析155

7.4.2 蝸桿傳動的強度計算156

7.5 蝸桿傳動的效率、潤滑及熱平衡計算158

7.5.1 蝸桿傳動的效率158

7.5.2 蝸桿傳動的潤滑159

7.5.3 蝸桿傳動的熱平衡160

7.6 蝸桿和蝸輪的結構160

Chapter 8 Shafts164

8.1 Overview164

8.1.1 Types of Shafts164

8.1.2 Shaft Materials166

8.2 Structural Design of Shafts166

8.2.1 Functional Requirements167

8.2.2 Technological Requirements168

8.2.3 Improving the Strength of Shafts170

8.3 Strength Calculations of Shafts171

8.3.1 Calculation of Shafts for Only Shear Stress171

8.3.2 Calculation of Shafts for Combined Bending and

Torsional Stress172

8.3.3 Fatigue Strength Calculation of Shafts173

第8章 軸178

8.1 概述178

8.1.1 軸的分類178

8.1.2 軸的材料179

8.2 軸結構設計179

8.2.1 使用要求179

8.2.2 工藝性要求180

8.2.3 提高軸的強度 181

8.3 軸的強度計算181

8.3.1 只承受剪切應力的軸計算181

8.3.2 既承受彎曲應力又承受剪切應力的軸計算182

8.3.3 軸的疲勞強度計算183

Chapter 9 Rolling Bearings186

9.1 Overview186

9.1.1 Configuration of Rolling Bearings186

9.1.2 Materials for Rolling Bearings187

9.1.3 Advantages and Shortcomings of Rolling Bearings187

9.2 Types of Rolling Bearings187

9.3 Codes of Rolling Bearings (by Chinese Standard)190

9.4 Load Distribution, Failure and Design Criteria of Rolling Bearings191

9.4.1 Load Distribution Among the Rolling Elements191

9.4.2 Failure Modes of the Rolling Elements192

9.4.3 Design Criteria of the Rolling Elements192

9.5 Rolling Bearings Life Calculations193

9.5.1 Fatigue Life of the Rolling Bearings193

9.5.2 Basic Rating Life, Basic Dynamic Load Rating and Basic Static

Load Rating193

9.5.3 Equivalent Dynamic Load and Equivalent Static Load194

9.5.4 Rolling Bearings Life Calculations195

9.5.5 Analysis of Forces Exerted on Angular-Contact Rolling

Bearings196

9.6 Design Arrangements, Lubrication and Sealing Devices for

Rolling Bearings200

9.6.1 Design Arrangements for Rolling Bearings200

9.6.2 Preloading for Rolling Bearings203

9.6.3 Rolling Bearings Lubrication and Sealing Devices204

9.6.4 Mounting and Dismounting Bearings205

第9章 滾動軸承207

9.1 概述207

9.1.1 基本構造和特點207

9.1.2 滾動軸承的材料207

9.1.3 滾動軸承的優缺點207

9.2 滾動軸承的類型208

9.3 滾動軸承代號(中國標準)210

9.4 滾動軸承的載荷分佈、失效與設計準則211

9.4.1 滾動體間的載荷分佈211

9.4.2 滾動軸承的失效形式211

9.4.3 滾動軸承的設計準則212

9.5 滾動軸承壽命計算212

9.5.1 滾動軸承的疲勞壽命212

9.5.2 基本額定壽命、基本額定動載荷與基本額定靜載荷212

9.5.3 當量動載荷和當量靜載荷213

9.5.4 滾動軸承壽命計算214

9.5.5 角接觸滾動軸承的力分析215

9.6 滾動軸承的組合設計、潤滑與密封裝置217

9.6.1 滾動軸承的組合設計217

9.6.2 滾動軸承的預緊218

9.6.3 滾動軸承的潤滑和密封裝置218

9.6.4 滾動軸承的裝拆219

Chapter 10 Sliding Bearings220

10.1 Introduction220

10.1.1 Types of Sliding Bearings220

10.1.2 Field of Application221

10.2 Constructions of Radial Sliding Bearings221

10.2.1 Solid Bearings221

10.2.2 Split Bearings222

10.2.3 Automatic Center Regulating Bearings222

10.2.4 Construction of Bushings223

10.3 Bearing Materials224

10.4 Lubricants225

10.5 Calculations of Boundary-Lubricated Bearings226

10.6 Principle of Hydrodynamic Lubrication227

10.7 Calculations of Hydrodynamic-Lubricated Bearings229

10.7.1 Geometrical Relations229

10.7.2 Supporting Capacity and Load Factor230

10.7.3 Determine the Minimum Thickness of the Oil Film231

10.7.4 Calculation of Heat Balance232

第10章 滑動軸承235

10.1 緒論235

10.1.1 滑動軸承的類型235

10.1.2 滑動軸承的應用範圍235

10.2 徑向滑動軸承的結構236

10.2.1 整體式軸承236

10.2.2 剖分式軸承236

10.2.3 自動調心軸承236

10.2.4 軸瓦的結構236

10.3 軸承材料237

10.4 潤滑劑238

10.5 邊界潤滑軸承計算238

10.6 液體動力潤滑原理239

10.7 液體動力潤滑軸承的計算241

10.7.1 幾何關係241

10.7.2 承載能力與載荷係數241

10.7.3 最小油膜厚度的確定242

10.7.4 熱平衡計算242

Chapter 11 Couplings and Clutches245

11.1 Introduction245

11.2 Couplings246

11.2.1 Rigid Couplings246

11.2.2 Flexible Couplings247

11.3 Clutches250

11.3.1 Mechanically Controlled Clutches250

11.3.2 Safety Clutches252

第11章 聯軸器與離合器254

11.1 緒論254

11.2 聯軸器254

11.2.1 剛性聯軸器254

11.2.2 撓性聯軸器255

11.3 離合器256

11.3.1 機械操縱離合器257

11.3.2 安全離合器258Chapter 12 Springs259

12.1 Functions and Types of Springs259

12.1.1 Functions of Springs259

12.1.2 Types of Springs259

12.2 Stresses and Deflection of Helical Compression and

Extension Springs259

12.2.1 Stresses in Springs259

12.2.2 Deflection of Springs261

12.3 Characteristic Curves of Helical Springs261

12.4 Spring Materials and Allowable Stresses262

12.5 Geometric Dimensions of Helical Springs264

第12章 彈簧266

12.1 彈簧的功用和類型266

12.1.1 彈簧的功用266

12.1.2 彈簧的類型266

12.2 圓柱壓縮、拉伸螺旋彈簧的應力與變形267

12.2.1 彈簧中的應力267

12.2.2 彈簧的變形267

12.3 圓柱螺旋彈簧的特性線268

12.4 彈簧的材料及許用應力268

12.5 圓柱螺旋彈簧的幾何尺寸269

Chapter 13 Other Kinds of Joints271

13.1 Pin Joints271

13.2 Interference Fit Joints273

13.3 Shaped Joints275

13.4 Riveted Joints276

13.4.1 Characteristics and Applications of Riveted Joints276

13.4.2 Rivets and Types of Riveted Joints277

13.4.3 Failure Types of Riveted Joints and Strength Calculations278

13.5 Welded Joints280

13.5.1 Types, Characteristics and Applications of Welded Joints280

13.5.2 Styles of Welds282

13.5.3 Strength Calculations of Welds283

13.6 Adhesive Bonding284

第13章 其他連接287

13.1 銷連接287

13.2 過盈配合連接288

13.3 成形連接289

13.4 鉚接289

13.4.1 鉚接特點及應用289

13.4.2 鉚釘及鉚釘連接的型式290

13.4.3 鉚釘連接的破壞形式及強度計算290

13.5 焊接292

13.5.1 焊接類型、特點及應用292

13.5.2 焊縫的式樣292

13.5.3 焊縫的強度計算293

13.6 膠接294

Chapter 14 Reducers296

14.1 Main Types and Characteristics of Reducers296

14.1.1 Cylindrical Gear Reducers296

14.1.2 Bevel Gear Reducers297

14.1.3 Worm Reducers297

14.1.4 Planetary Gear Reducers298

14.2 Distribution of Speed Ratio299

14.3 Structure of Gear Reducer302

14.4 Lubrication of Gear Reducer303

第14章 減速器305

14.1 減速器的主要型式及特點305

14.1.1 圓柱齒輪減速器305

14.1.2 圓錐齒輪減速器305

14.1.3 蝸桿減速器305

14.1.4 行星齒輪減速器306

14.2 傳動比分配306

14.3 減速器的結構308

14.4 減速器的潤滑309

Appendix A(附錄A)310

References（參考文獻）315