主謂一致

主謂一致指“人稱”和“數”方面的一致關係。對大多數人來說，往往會在掌握主語和隨後的謂語動詞之間的一致問題上遇到困難。一般情況下，主謂之間的一致關係由以下三個原則的支配：語法一致原則 (grammatical concord)意義一致原則 (notional concord) 就近原則 (principle of proximity)。“主謂一致”考查內容涉及名詞單數或複數作主語、不可數名詞作主語、不定代詞作主語、並列結構作主語、特殊名詞作主語時與謂語動詞數的一致等。

主謂一致中的"表裡不一"現象

和主語必須在人稱和數上保持一致，最基本的原則是：單數主語用單數動詞，複數主語用複數動詞。但在實際使用當中情況比較複雜，現在學生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下

1,"more than one +名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數。例如：

More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個教師得到了花.

2,"many a +名詞"作主語時，從意義上看是複數，但謂語動詞常用單數。例如：

Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學生被派去植樹.

3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分數或分數+of 等後接名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞形式根據of后的名詞而定。例如：

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋.

4,all指人時，動詞用複數；all指物時，動詞用單數。例如：

"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到場了，一切進展順利

5,what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞可視表語而定：表語是單數名詞時，動詞用單數，相反，則用複數。例如：

What they want to get are a number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書.

6,and連接的兩個單數名詞前若用each,every,no修飾，該名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。例如：

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆.

7,當主語後面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except，逗號加and連接幾個名詞等引導的短語時，謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致。例如：

My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京.

8,each作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語來決定，與each無關。例如：

They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車.

9,動詞不定式，動詞-ing形式短語作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數。例如：

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯後出去散步是一個好習慣.

10,the following作主語時，謂語動詞的數與後面名詞的數保持一致。例如：

The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.

11,以-ics結尾的學科名詞，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。以-s結尾的名詞news,works,plastics等同屬此類。例如：

Politics is now taught in all schools. 現在各學校都開設政治課.

當以-ics結尾的學科名詞表示"學科"以外的意義時，用作複數，如：mathematics（運算能力）politics(政治觀點）economics（經濟意義）等

12,有些用來表示由兩個對應部分組成一體的名詞複數（trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等）作主語時，前面若有"一條","一副","一把"之類的單位詞，動詞用單數；若沒有單位詞或單位詞是複數，則謂語動詞用複數。例如：

The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適.

還有一些以-s結尾的名詞通常用複數：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minutes（記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等

13,"one and a half +名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數。例如：

One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果.

14,"One or two more +複數名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞用複數。例如：

One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙.

15,"one of+複數名詞+ 定語從句"結構中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用複數；而在"the only one of +複數名詞+定語從句"的結構中，"the one of + 複數名詞+定語從句"定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數。例如：

He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準時到達那裡的學生之一.

16,表示時間，距離，金錢等的複數名詞（簡記“度量衡”）作主語表達一個整體概念時，謂語動詞常用單數，但若強調數量，謂語動詞可用複數。例如：

One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢.

英語可數名詞的規則複數形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結尾的名詞並不是可數名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題。

（一）以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

（二）以-s結尾的遊戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

（三）以-s結尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

（四）以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

（五）其它以-s結尾的名詞的主謂一致問題

（一）以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題，如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數。

例如：

Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.

（二）以-s結尾的遊戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

以-s結尾的遊戲名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數。

例如：

Darts is basically an easy game.

但當Darts，Marbles等的意義為遊戲器具而非遊戲名稱時，謂語動詞通常用作複數。例如：

Three darts are thrown at each turn.

All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.

（三）以-s結尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

某些以-s結尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是單一政治實體，所以謂語動詞用作單數。例如：

The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.

In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.

但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動詞用作複數。例如：

The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.

（四）以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

某些以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語時，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等，謂語動詞通常用作單數。例如：

The third world economics is promising.

Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.

但如果這類名詞表示學科以外的其它含義，可作複數用。例如：

Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.

（五）其它以-s結尾的名詞的主謂一致問題

A.以-s結尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語

英語中有一些通常以-s結尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses,pincers,pliers,scissors,shorts,suspenders,trousers等, 為複數名詞，後接複數謂語

集合名詞作主語時，主謂一致關係是一個較為複雜的問題。對此類問題我們可以從"數"的角度分為四類.

1)單數—複數型。凡是有複數詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬於此類。如：a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies;a people—peoples(民族）; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等。這類集合名詞強調的是整體性，即當作一個整體或多個整體來看待。屬於這類集合名詞的單數作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；複數形式作主語時，謂語動詞用複數.

【例如】

A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.

每個上午 一大群人經常聚集在廣場上

The government has decided to pass the bill.

政府已決定通過這一法案

There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.

星期天有大群大群的人在街上。

There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.

在世界上有許多講英語的民族。

但應注意，這類集合名詞的單數形式有時表示複數概念，所以這些集合名詞的單數形式也可歸為"單復同形型"中.

2)單數型。這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體，即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內，所以只有單數形式。如作主語，謂語動詞常用單數。這類名詞常見的有：humanity,mankind,proletariat等.

【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.

3)複數型。這類集合名詞在形式和內容上是相互矛盾的，就是說它們只有單數形式，但表達的都是複數概念。它強調的是集體中的個體性.這類名詞有：police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等。它們作主語時，謂語動詞要用複數.

【例如】The police have caught the murder.

Our personnel are very highly trained.

The vermin are very dangerous.

4)單復同形型。這類集合名詞的單數形式既可表示單數也可表示複數。作主語時，用單數動詞或複數動詞均可，有時意義區別不大，具體看語境，是強調集體還是個體。

【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.

The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.

The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.

這類集合名詞常見的有：class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等.

根據說話人的心理意向若把這個集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個整體，就認為是單數，用單數動詞；若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個個體的話，就認為其為複數，用複數動詞.

試比較：The football team is playing well.

那個足球隊打得非常漂亮.

The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球隊員們正在洗澡，然後來這裡吃茶點.

The family is a very happy one.那個家庭是一個非常幸福的家庭.

That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人對威廉的成功都感到很高興.

主謂一致( Subject-Verb Concord )

主謂一致的問題看上去似乎很簡單，其實使用起來卻不是那麼容易，有時候甚至很複雜.

這是因為在不同情況下，處理這一問題所依據的原則各不相同。就其在現代語法中的基本原則而言，通常有三個不同角度的著眼點：1,語法一致 2,意義一致 3,就近原則.

主謂一致的原則是指，主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致：

• 主語是單數形式，謂語也採取單數形式；主語是複數形式，謂語必須採取複數形式.

例如：

A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.

(主語是單數形式，謂語也採取單數形式）

語法書幫助你學習語言的某些規則.

Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.

(主語是複數形式，謂語也採取複數形式）

語法書幫助你學習語言的某些規則.

主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致的問題遠不只上述的那麼簡單，有許多方面的情況需要去具體地對待：

• 不定式，動名詞，以及從句作主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.

例如：

Reading often means learning .讀書常意味是學習.

To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗讀英語有許多好處.

What he said has been recorded .他說的話已被錄音了.

• 不定代詞及each作主語或是修飾主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.

例如：

Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中沒人喜歡運動.

Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.許多學生晚飯後常在校園裡散步.

Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每個男孩和女孩對課外活動都表現出很大的興趣.

• 表示國家，機構，事件，作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.

例如：

One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .

《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多神秘的民間傳說.

The United States is leading the world in science and technology .

美國常在世界科技方面領先.

The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs .

聯合國在國際事務中起著重要作用.

• a series of,a kind of,the number of等與名詞構成名詞短語作主語時看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.

例如:

A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技產品已在展覽上展出.

The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.

目前一些書籍里印刷錯誤的數量讓人吃驚得要命.

A substantial portion of the reports is missing .這些報告都沒有提及實質問題.

A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.這座花園裡有一種玫瑰香氣怡人.

• 由some,several,both,few,many,a number of 等詞修飾主語，或是由它們自身作主語時應看作複數，謂語動詞用複數.

例如：

Both of us are fond of watching football games .我們倆都喜歡看足球賽.

A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 許多即將畢業的學生打算自願去中國西部工作.

• 由and連接兩個主語時，如指同一人或物，謂語用單數；指不同的人或物，謂語用複數.

On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海邊，有些人在打排球，有些人躺著曬太陽.

• 有些短語，如：a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等後接不可數名詞，或是單數形式的名詞作主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數；但如果後接可數名詞的複數形式作主語時應看作複數，謂語動詞用複數.

例如：

A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然斷電時，那家商店丟失了許多錢.

A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently.

去年出版了許多關於投資基金的書籍.

• 主語為單數個不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句時，謂語動詞一般用單數。

• 主語為三單，或習慣用作單數名詞或不可數名詞的詞，如：money，information，clothing等，謂語動詞用單數。

（ Notional Concord )

這一原則是指，從意義著眼來解決 主謂一致問題。有時主語形式上為單數，但意義上卻是複數，那麼謂語依意義也用複數形式；而有時主語形式上為複數，但意義上卻是單數，那麼謂語依意義亦用單數形式.

1) 當主語後面接由as well as,as much as,accompanied by,including,in addition to,more than,no less than,rather than,together with等引導的片語時，其謂語動詞的形式要依主語的單複數而定。在這樣的句子里，這些詞所引導的片語不影響主語自身的單，複數形式，它們在句子里其實是狀語。也就是說，我們完全可以將這些片語搬到句首或是放到句末去。從表面上我們也可以看出，它們與主語之間有","隔開.

例如：

Petroleum,along with fuel gas,has recently risen in price.

目前石油和燃料煤氣的價格上漲了.

The teacher,with all his students,is going to have a picnic this weekend.老師打算這個周末與學生們一起去野炊.

The students,together with their teacher,are going to have a picnic this weekend.學生們打算這個周末與他們的老師一起去野炊.

The warehouse,with all its stockings,was burned last night.

昨晚，那個倉庫連同其所有的貨物一起被燒毀了.

我們完全可以將上面句子中的那些片語都分別搬到句首或是放到句末去，因為它們在句子里是狀語：

Petroleum has recently risen in price,along with fuel gas.

Along with fuel gas,petroleum has recently risen in price.

The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

As well as the suitcase,the missing things have been found and returned to the owner.

The missing things have been found and returned to the owner,as well as the suitcase.

2) 表示時間，金錢，距離，體積，重量，面積，數字等詞語作主語時，其意義若是指總量應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數；但如果其意義是指"有多少數量"則應該看作是複數，那麼謂語動詞也應該用複數.

例如：

Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.

人們常大約地將四個星期看成一個月.

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.

二十年在人的一生里意味著一個很長的時期.

Eighty dollars are enough for a student to spend on food for one week.八十塊錢給一個學生吃一個星期的伙食是足夠的了.

3) 形容詞前加定冠詞即"the + 形容詞"作主語時，其意義若是指個人或是抽象概念應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數；但如果其意義是指一類人則應該看作是複數，那麼謂語動詞也應該用複數.

例如：

The young,on the one hand,often think of the old conservative. On the other hand,the old always consider the young inexperience.

一方面，青年人常認為老年人保守；另一方面，老年人總是認為青年人沒有經驗.

In many stories,the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate. 在許多故事裡，好人總是有好報；壞人註定要倒霉.

4)當and連接兩個並列主語在意義上指同一人，同一物，同一事或者同一概念時，應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數。另外，當and 連接兩個形容詞去修飾一個單數形式的主語時，其實是指兩種不同的事物，主語則應該看作是複數，那麼謂語動詞也應該用複數.

例如：War and peace is a constant theme in history. 戰爭與和平是一個歷史上的永恆的主題.

Chinese and Japanese silk are good quality.

中國絲綢和日本絲綢質量都很好.

Different people respectively welcome White and black coffee.

加奶的咖啡與清咖啡都分別受到不同人們的喜愛.

5) 集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數取決於主語的意義：主語表示整體時視為單數，謂語動詞用單數；主語表示集體中的個體成員時視為複數，謂語動詞用複數。這類集體名詞常見的有：army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等等，其中cattle,people,police一般看成複數形式.

例如：

The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜歡足球.

The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社會的最小的細胞.

The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.

人民大眾完全有理由謹防職業騙局.

The public now come to know the whole story.

人們目前現在越來越清楚那是怎麼回事了.

（ Principle of Proximity )

這一原則是指，謂語動詞的人稱和數常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。常出現在這類句子中的連詞有：or,either… or …，neither… nor …，not only… but also …等。例如：

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

不是我，就是他們要對那件事的結局負責任.

Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的話，也不是那不友好的態度讓我沮喪.

Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.

不僅僅是他，而且是他全家人都很熱衷於音樂會.

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.

他全家人和他都不知道那件事.

英語中，主語的單複數形式決定著謂語動詞的單複數形式. 主謂一致必須遵循以下三條

原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。根據這三條原則，現從以下幾個

方面進行總結：

一，並列結構作主語時的主謂一致

1.由and 連接的兩個單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般根據語法一致的原則用複數.

如：

A young man and a girl want to go there.

一個青年男子和一個姑娘想去那裡.

但如果在意義上指同一個人，同一件事或同一個概念時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：

A needle and thread was found on the floor.

在地板上找到了針線（穿了線的針）.

2. 當each ...and each...,every...and every...,

no...and no...,many a...and many a

...結構作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式.

如：

①No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.

在月球上沒發現人和動物.

②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their

work.

許多醫生和護士都忙於他們的工作.

3.一個單數名詞同時被兩個不同的形容詞修飾，表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞一

般用複數.

如：

Ancient and modern history are the subjects we

are studying.

古代史和現代史是我們目前學習的課程.

但如果表示的是同一概念時應用單數。如：

The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.

14課是最後一課也是最難的一課.

4. 由not only... but also ...,either...or ...,

neither... nor...,... or...連接的並列主語，謂語動詞通常依就近

一致原則決定.

如：

Either the players or the coach is responsible

for the defeat.

不是運動員就是教練應該對這次比賽的失利負責.

5. 當主語由as well as,along with,together with,rather

than,no less than,but,except,besides,in addition

to,like,including等詞連接時，其謂語動詞的單複數形式通常由前面的詞來決定.

如：

①An iron and steal works,with some satellite

factories. is to be built here.

在這裡將建立一個鋼鐵廠和一些衛星廠.

②Tom,along with his friends,goes skating every

Saturday.

每個星期六，湯姆和他的朋友們一起去滑冰.

二，百分數，分數作主語時的主謂一致

當百分數，分數後面加名詞或代詞時，要根據這個名詞或代詞來決定其謂語動詞的單復

數形式。如果是複數名詞或代詞，謂語動詞用複數；如果是單數名詞（或不可數名詞）

或代詞，謂語動詞用單數。如：

①Fifty percent of the students in our school are

girls.

我們學校百分之五十的學生是女生.

②Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

地球表面的四分之三是海洋.

三，不定代詞作主語時的主謂一致

1. 不定代詞each,another,the other,either,

neither和由some,any,no,every+one

或thing構成的複合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：

①Neither of us has gone through regular training.

我們兩個都沒經過正規訓練.

②Nobody wants to go there,does he？

沒有人想去那裡，是吧

③Something has been done to end the strike.

已經採取措施制止罷工了.

2. none 作主語時，謂語動詞既可用單數也可用複數，這要取決於說話人的看法。如

:

①None of us seem to have thought of it.

似乎我們全都沒有想到這一點.

②None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single

one)

我們都沒有照相機.

3. both,(a) few,many,several作主語時，謂語動詞通常用複數形式。如：

Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones.

這兩種儀器並不都是精密儀器.

4. all作主語表示人時，謂語動詞用複數；表示物時，謂語動詞用單數。如：

①All is well that ends well.

結果好一切都好.

②All are eager to reach an agreement.

大家都急於達成一項協議.

四，表示"全體","部分"等意義的詞作主語時的主謂一致

1.當主語是most,the rest,the last,the

remainder等時，其謂語一般應遵循意義一致的原則：如果of後面的名詞是單數，則用

單數；如果of後面的名詞表示複數，則用複數。如：

①Three of us will go,the rest are to stay here.

我們中的三個人去，其餘的人留在這裡.

②After the big fire,the remainder is nothing.

大火之後什麼也沒剩下.

2. 當town,school,village 等分別表示總稱的"鎮民",

"全校師生","村民"時，謂語動詞可以用單數，也可以用複數。有時可用the 或加

形容詞whole修飾。如：

①The whole school were / was sorry when she left.

她離開時，全校師生都很傷心.

②The whole town is / are in agreement about the

plan.

全體鎮民都同意這項計劃.

五，"the+形容詞/過去分詞"作主語時的主謂一致

當 "the +形容詞 /

過去分詞"表示一類人或事物時，謂語動詞用複數；如果指某一抽象概念時，謂語動詞

則用單數。如：

①The sick here are very well cared for.

這裡的病人都被照顧得很好.

②The true is to be distinguished from the false.

真實與虛假應加以區別.

六，形式為複數，意義為單數的名詞作主語時的主謂一致

1. 表示時間，距離，金額，重量，計量，空間，體積等意義的複數名詞作主語，謂語

動詞常用單數形式。如：

①Eight hours of sleep is enough.

八小時的睡眠足夠了.

②Ten pounds was missing from the till.

錢櫃里的10英鎊不見了.

2. 以數字作主語的詞或短語，有時可以看成一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：

Thirty-six from forty-five leaves nine.

四十五減去三十六等於九.

註：兩數相加或兩數相乘，謂語動詞既可用單數形式也可用複數形式。如：

Six times seven are / is forty-two.

六乘以七等於四十二.

3. 主語為以-ics結尾的學科名稱時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。如：

Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.

政治常常是我們討論的話題.

4. 以-s結尾的專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：

New York Times has a wide circulation.

《紐約時報》的銷路很廣.

5. 群島，山脈，瀑布等專有名詞如：the Alps,the Philippines,Niagara

Falls等作主語時，謂語動詞用複數形式。如：

Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.

尼亞加拉瀑布是一個壯麗的景象.

6.一些形式為複數，意思為單數的名詞，如：trousers,pants,

shorts,glasses,scissors等作主語時，謂語動詞用複數。如：

Her glasses are new.

她的眼鏡是新的.

但當這類名詞前有a pair of 修飾時，謂語動詞應用單數。如：

This pair of scissors is made in Hangzhou.

這把剪刀是杭州製造的.

七，number many a ... 等作主語時的主謂一致

1.the number of ... (……的數目）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；而 a number

of ...(許多……）作主語時，謂語動詞用複數。如：

The number of mistakes is surprising.

錯誤之多是驚人的.

2.many a,more than

one+單數名詞構成的短語，儘管意義上是複數，但謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如：

Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity.

很多同志都有那種機遇.

八，集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致

1.有生命的詞，如：cattle,police等作主語時，謂語動詞用複數形式。如：

The police are investigating the crime.

警察正在調查這次犯罪活動. .

2.無生命的詞，如：foliage(葉子），machinery (機械），merchandise

(商品，貨物）等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：

All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

這家工廠的全部機器都是中國製造的.

3. audience,class,crew

(全體船員），committee(委員會），family,team,

group等作主語時，如果指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數；如果指全體中的每一個成員則

用複數形式。如：

①The football team is being recognized.

(他們）正在重建這個足球隊.

②The football team are having baths and then they

are coming back here for tea.

足球隊員們正在洗澡，然後他們會回到這裡來喝茶.

九，"one of +複數名詞+定語從句" 結構中的主謂一致

1.在 "one of +複數名詞+定語從句"

結構中，定語從句中謂語動詞的單複數應由它修飾的先行詞的數來決定。如：

This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the

fire.

這就是那次大火燒毀的房間之一.

2. 在"the only one of +複數名詞+定語從句"

結構中，定語從句的謂語動詞應用單數形式。如：

Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays

in the band.

瑪麗是參加樂隊伴奏的最年輕的姑娘.

十，從句，動詞不定式，-ing形式作主語時的主謂一致

1. 在 "主系表"結構中，如果以what從句作主語，表語又是單數，主句的謂語動詞一般用單數；如果表

語是複數，主句的謂語動詞一般用複數。若動詞不定式，動詞-ing形式作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數。如：

①What caused the accident is a complete mystery.

事故是由什麼引起的完全是個謎.

②What his father left him are a few English books.

他父親留給他的只是幾本英語書而已.

③To learn English well is difficult.

學好英語是困難的。

2.當what從句具有兩個或兩個以上的動詞，是表示複數意義的並列結構時，主句中的謂語動詞多

用複數形式。如：

What I say and think are none of your business.

我說的和我想的都與你無關。

3.以who,why,how,

whether或that引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如：

Why she did this is not known.

她為什麼做這件事還不清楚。

註：由how and why,when and

where引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如：

How and why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a

story of struggle,success and sadness.

他為什麼以及怎樣來到新澤西普林斯頓是一個充滿著鬥爭，成功和悲哀的故事。

4.And連接的兩個名詞性從句作主語，如果表示兩件事情，其謂語動詞常用複數形式。

如:

What caused the accident and who was responsible for

it remain a mystery to us.

造成事故的原因是什麼，誰應對事故負責，對我們來說還是一個謎。

5.如果what-分句本身明顯表示複數意義，比如what分句的動詞和補語都是複數，那麼主句動詞也可用複數。

如：

what are often regraded as poisonous fungi are in fact edible.

注意：當what引導的名詞性分句作主語時，主謂一致問題極為複雜。著名學者周海中教授在論文《關於what-分句作主語的主謂一致問題》中就這一問題做了深入研究，並給出了10種的主謂一致關係。這些一致關係值得英語學習者和使用者特別注意。

英文舉例中文說明

1 並列結構作主語時謂語用複數

Reading and writing are very important.

注意：當主語由and連接時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用is，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞，共用一個冠詞用單數，表示

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 註：先從時態上考慮。這是過去發生的事情應用過去時，先排除A.,C..本題易誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細辨別，monitor 前沒有the,在英語中，當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞.後面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應選B.

2 主謂一致中的就近原則

當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致.

There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk..

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

總的來說，在由not only…but also…，not just…but…，or,either…or…，neither…nor…連接主語的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單複數按就近原則處理，即按與謂語動詞最靠近的那個主語來確定謂語動詞的單複數形式。如：

Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.

Either you or she is to go.

There is a pen,a few envelops and some paper for you.

3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致

當主語後面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致.

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating.

4 謂語需用單數

1) 代詞each和由every,some,no,any等構成的複合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each,every,謂語需用單數.

Each of us has a tape-recorder.

There is something wrong with my watch.

2) 當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數.

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.

<一千零一夜>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書.

3) 表示金錢，時間。距離。價格或度量衡的複合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數.(用複數也可，意思不變.)

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

Ten yuan is enough.

5 指代意義決定謂語的單複數

1) 在代詞what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等詞的單複數由其指代的詞的單複數決定.

All is right. (一切順利.)

All are present. (所有人都到齊了.)

2) 集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如family,team，group，club,public,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等詞後用複數形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數時表示該個集體.

His family isn't very large. 他家不是一個大家庭.

His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者.

但集合名詞people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽）.militia(民兵）.vermin(害蟲）等在任何情況下都用複數形式.

Are there any police around

3)有些名詞，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority 等有時看作單數，有時看作複數.

A number of +名詞複數+動詞的第三人稱單數形式.

The number of +名詞複數+動詞（非第三人稱單數形式）.

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

6 與後接名詞或代詞保持一致

1) 用half of,part of,most of,a portion of 等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與of後面的名詞，代詞保持一致.

Most of his money is spent on books.

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2) 在一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數形式。但由more than… of 作主語時，動詞應與其後的名詞或代詞保持一致.

Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書.

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生都來自這個城市.

7 the+形容詞/國籍形容詞。表示一類人/一國人，作主語，謂語動詞用複數。

8 the+姓氏的複數，表示一家人或兩夫婦，作主語時，謂語動詞用複數，

9四則運算時，謂語動詞用單數。

10 表示，（時間，距離，重量，金額，書名）的複數名詞作主語時，通常當做整體看待，謂語動詞用單數。

1. —Have all of you listened to the speech?

—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the class invited. （2010·邯鄲高三摸底考試）

A. were B. have been C. has been D. was

2. The most impressive sight in China, one of the wonders of the world, the Great Wall. （2010·北京市西城區高三年級抽樣測試)

A.is B.are C.was D.were

3. Butter and bread their daily food, but the bread and the butter up now. （2010·江西省九江一中高三上學期第四次月考）

A. is; is eaten B. are; have been eaten

C. are; are eaten D. is; have been eaten

4. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for different reasons. (2009-2010學年山西省實驗中學高三年級第一次月考)

A.were; was B.was; were C.was; was D.were; were

5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. (2009-2010學年哈爾濱市第九中學上學期高三年級考試)

A.is washing away B.is being washed away

C.are washing away D.are being washed away

6. The League secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday. (2009-2010學年蘭州一中高三第一次月考)

A.is; to hold B.was; held

C.are; to be held D.were; held

7. A certain number of tourists complaining about the high accommodation price during the last month. (山東省實驗中學2007級第一次診斷性測試)

A. is B. are C. has been D. have been

8. The exercises are extremely difficult, but half of the class them ahead of time. (2010·上海市奉賢區高三摸底測試)

A.has already finished B.will finish

C.have already finished D.finishes

9. All but one in the accident.

A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are

10. —Why does the river smell terrible?

—Because large quantities of water .

(2010·湖南省瀏陽一中、田家炳實驗中學高三10月聯考)

A.have polluted B.is being polluted

C.has been polluted D.have been polluted

11. Every possible means to prevent the spread of disease.

(2010·浙江省湖州市菱湖中學高三10月月考)

A. have tried B. have been tried

C. has tried D. has been tried

12. One third of the workers in this city now on strike.

(2010·餘姚中學高三英語第一次質量檢測試卷)

A. is to be B. is C. are to be D. are

13. Sixty miles in a single night, so they were exhausted.

（2010·湖南省株洲市二中高三上學期第二次月考）

A. is covered B. was covered C. are covered D. has covered

14. an EnglishChinese dictionary.

(2010·遼寧省瀋陽市二十中高三上學期第一次月考）

A. The students each have B. The students each has

C. Each the students has D. Each of the students have

15. The Ministry of Health issued a notice in September that the fees for tests and treatment in (H1N1) flu cases by medical insurance.

(2010·上海市金山區高三上學期期末考試)

A. cover B. are covered C. will cover D. has been covered

16. Facing the economic depression, every possible means this year to save the company from going bankrupt. (2009-2010學年上海市六校高三年級第一次聯考)

A. has been tried B. has tried C. have been tried D. have tried

17. Tom was the only one of the boys who praised by our teacher at the class meeting yesterday.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

18. Either the ways or the time yet, but you may ask the headmaster for some information. (2010·福建省廈門市高三年級上學期質量檢查)

A.isn’t decided B.hasn’t decided

C.aren’t decided D.haven’t decided

19. The father, along with his two sons, from the big fire by the firefighters. (2009-2010學年西寧市十四中高三英語期末試卷)

A. have rescued B. have been rescued

C. has rescued D. has been rescued

20. The number of traffic accidents that in developing countries increasing. (2009-2010學年蘭州市五十五中第一學期期末試卷)

A.happens；is B.happen；is

C.happens；are D.happen；are

21. There more than one member who against the plan.

(福建省龍岩一中2010屆高三第七次月考)

A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are

22. The Internet, as well as newspapers and magazines, a more and more important part in our daily life. (2010屆浙江六校聯考)

A. have played B. are playing C. is playing D. has been played

23. Mr Franklin, in addition to three salesmen, to attend the meeting.

(2010·嘉興高中英語學科基地)

A. are planning B. were planning

C. have planned D. plans

24. More than one student punished. More students than one praised.

(2010·嘉興高中英語學科基地)

A. are; is B. were; were C. were; was D. was; were

25. Where dirt, there are flies. (2010·嘉興高中英語學科基地)

A. there was B. there is C. has there D. are

1. 解析：選D。由and連接的主語如果由every修飾時, 其謂語動詞要用單數形式。句中表述的內容僅僅是過去的動作，所以用一般過去時態。

2. 解析：選A。句子的主語是one of the wonders of the world, 並且句子表述的是一種事實，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數的一般現在時態。

3. 解析：選D。前一空的butter and bread表示同一概念，謂語動詞用單數形式；后一空是指兩種不同食物，故選D項。

4. 解析：選B。the number of+可數名詞複數作主語，謂語動詞用單數；而a number of+可數名詞複數作主語，謂語動詞用複數。

5. 解析：選D。當主語為quantities of修飾不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用複數形式。

6. 解析：選B。並列主語the League secretary and monitor表示同一概念，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式，同時由於the meeting已經舉行了，所以用過去分詞形式表示完成。

7. 解析：選D。句子的主語由a number of修飾，所以謂語動詞要用複數形式。

8. 解析：選C。集體名詞class在這表示其中一個個成員，故謂語動詞應該用複數形式。

9. 解析：選B。all作主語，所以動詞用複數，又根據句意可知,all和kill是被動關係，所以選擇B項。

10. 解析：選D。quantities of修飾不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用複數。

11. 解析：選D。means前面有every修飾，故謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式，又因為主語與try是被動關係，所以用被動形式。

12. 解析：選D。句子的主語是可數名詞複數形式，故選D項。

13. 解析：選B。sixty miles表示距離作主語，且根據句中的時態，選B項。

14. 解析：選A。each 在這裡作the students的同位語，相當於代詞。主語是students為複數，故謂語動詞用複數，不能用has。

15. 解析：選B。句子的主語是fee的複數形式fees，並且與謂語動詞cover是被動關係，故選B項。

16. 解析：選A。means由every修飾作主語，謂語動詞應該用單數，且主語與try為被動關係，故選擇A項。

17. 解析：選C。one of the boys前面有only修飾時，謂語動詞用單數，又因為時間是yesterday，所以用一般過去時態。

18. 解析：選A。由either ...or連接的並列主語，謂語動詞與它最近的主語the time保持一致。

19. 解析：選D。當主語後面有along with時，謂語動詞由主語的形式決定，主語the father是第三人稱單數且與rescue為被動關係，故選擇D項。

20. 解析：選B。that引導定語從句修飾先行詞accidents，謂語動詞應該用複數；又因為the number of+可數名詞複數作主語時，謂語動詞用單數，故選B項。

21. 解析：選A。句中的主語由more than one修飾，故第一空應為單數；第二個空的主語為who，指代先行詞member，故第二個空也為單數，選A。

22. 解析：選C。句中主語為the Internet,為單數，再由句意可知，選C。

23. 解析：選D。句意為：富蘭克林和其他三個銷售人員計劃參加會議。句中主語為Mr Franklin,故選D。

24. 解析：選D。句中主語由“more than one/a(an)”修飾時，謂語用單數；但如果是“more+名詞的複數+than one”這一結構時，後面的謂語動詞要用複數。故選D。

25. 解析：選B。句意為：哪裡有灰塵，哪裡就有蒼蠅。dirt是不可數名詞，作主語，故選there is。

意，選C項。