螫刺

胡峰、土蜂、蜜蜂等禦敵或獵食的器官。螫剌由雌蜂的產卵器特化而來，但已失去產卵功能，卵由螫刺基部產生，蜜蜂的工蜂則完全失去生育能力。螫刺的構造頗複雜，平時縮入腹部末端的螫刺腔內，以工蜂為例，螫刺基部有一套傳動裝置，受肌肉牽制帶動端部的刺針。刺針細長，包括1根背面的中針和腹面的1對螫針，二者以滑槽互相關連。能穿刺入動物體的是螫針，其末端具倒鉤。螫刺內端有毒腺相連，螫刺活動時，流出毒液。毒液的成分較複雜，包括組氨及某些蛋白質，毒液中的透明質酸酶有助於毒素在被螫動物組織中散播；卵磷脂酶則使被螫動物體內的溶血卵磷脂釋放，後者是一種很強的溶血物質.

Wasp, wasp, bees and other defense against an enemy or prey organs. Stinger pierced by a female bee's ovipositor from specialization, but has lost their nesting function, the base of the eggs produced by the sting, bee worker bees are totally lost fertility capacity. sting of the structure is quite complicated and usually shrink into the abdominal cavity at the end of sting to the worker bees, for example, the base has a sting gear, driven by the muscle to contain the ends of needles. slender needles, including one on the back of ventral surface of the needle and the 1 on the sting, both in order to slide inter-related. be able to puncture into the animal body is the sting, its the end of a barb. sting connected to the inner end of a venom gland, sting activities, out of venom . venom composition of more complex, including the group of ammonia and certain proteins in the venom hyaluronidase help toxins being stung in the spread of animal tissue; lecithin enzyme makes stung animals lysophosphatidylcholine release, after the who is a strong hemolytic substances.