克什米爾語
克什米爾語
克什米爾語的音系裡還有印度語言中常見的齒音、齦音和捲舌音的區別，但是濁塞音的送氣音已經消失。例如bat彲（飯），旁遮普語作bh媅tt；d婖d（牛奶），印地語作dūdh；gur（馬），印地語作gho╱a。鼻音有順同化傾向。例如dand（牙齒），來源於[[梵語]] danta，t在n后變成 d；don（攪乳棒），中古雅利安語作 da╯a（杖），╨被鼻音吞沒。克什米爾語的名詞有主格、對格、奪格和施動格。使用後置詞，如gar╣jas-andar（車房-里）。句子的基本詞序是主語—動詞—賓語，與印度語言的通例（主語—賓語—動詞）不同。它的辭彙來源複雜，有德爾德語、梵語、旁遮普語、波斯語的成分。克什米爾語的傳統文字是沙拉達文；現在通行阿拉伯字母。在印度教徒中，梵文天城體字母也在使用。
| 英語 | 克什米爾語 |
| Welcome | |
| Hello (General greeting) | Assalām ‘alaikum (>Muslims) Namaskār (>Hindus) Halo (inf) आदाब । (aadaab) |
| How are you? | तोहय छिवा वारय? (tohy ch'ivaa vaarai?) |
| Reply to 'How are you?' | वारय, शुकिया । त’ तीहय? (vaarai, shukriyaa tiu tohy?) |
| Long time no see | |
| What's your name? | त्वहि क्या छु नाव? (Twahi kyaa ch'u naav?) |
| My name is ... | मे छु नाव ... (Me ch'u naav ...) |
| Where are you from? | शबे खैर । (Tohy katik ch'v?) |
| I'm from ... | ब’ छुस रीजान ... (biu ch'us rozaan ...) - m ब’ छस रीजान ... (biu ch'as rozaan) |
| Pleased to meet you | मे सप’ज़ खोशी त्वहि मीलिध । (Me sapiuz k'oshee twahu meelit') |
Good morning (Morning greeting) | |
Good afternoon (Afternoon greeting) | |
Good evening (Evening greeting) | |
| Good night | शबे खैर । (shabey k'eūr) |
Goodbye (Parting phrases) | Khuda hāfiz (>Muslim) Namaskār (>Hindus) अलवीदा । (alvidaa) |
| Good luck! | |
Cheers! Good Health! (Toasts used when drinking) | |
| Have a nice day | |
Bon appetit / Have a nice meal | |
Bon voyage / Have a good journey | |
| I understand | ब’ छुस ज़ानान । (biu ch'us zaanaan) - m ब’ छस ज़ानान । (biu ch'as zaanaan) - f |
| I don't understand | ब’ छुस न’ ज़ानान । (biu ch'us niu zaanaan) - m ब’ छस न’ ज़ानान । (biu ch'as niu zaanaan) - f Mê chunė phikrī tarān |
| I don't know | |
| Please speak more slowly | तोहय हेकिवा वार’ वार’ वॅनिव । (tohy hekivaa vaariu vaariu veuniv) |
| Please say that again | तोहय हेकिवा दुबार’ वॅनिथ । (tohy hekivaa dubaariu veunit') |
| Please write it down | |
| Do you speak English? | तोहय छिवा अंगरीज़ी बोलान? (tohy chivā angrīzī bolān) Çė chukhė aņgrīz bolān? |
| Do you speakKashmiri? | |
Yes, a little (reply to 'Do you speak ...?') | |
| How do you say ... inKashmiri | |
| Excuse me | वय त्रॅाविव । (vat' treūviv) -to get past यपॅारय । (yapeūry) -to get attention |
| How much is this? | यि का’तिस छु? (yi keūtis ch'u) |
| Sorry | माफ कॅरिव । (maap' keuriv) |
| Please | मेहरबॅानी । (meharbeūnee) |
| Thank you | शुकिया / شکریہ (shukriya) |
| Reply to thank you | |
| Where's the toilet? | टायलेट कति छि? (ṭaaylet kati ch'u!) |
| This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | |
| Would you like to dance with me? | |
| I miss you | |
| I love you | |
| Get well soon | |
| Go away! | च़ल! (tsa!) |
| Leave me alone! | |
| Help! | मदथ! (madat'!) |
| Fire! | नार! (naar!) |
| Stop! | ठहर! (ṭeuhar!) |
| Call the police! | बुलॅाविव पुलीस! (buleūviv pulees!) |
| Christmas and New Year greetings | नवरेह मुबारक / ﻧﻮﺭﻳﮩﮧ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﮎ (navreh mubarak) -Happy New Year |
| Easter greetings | |
| Birthday greetings | |
| One language is never enough | |
My hovercraft is full of eels Why this phrase? |
