吉姆·洛威爾

吉姆·洛威爾出生於俄亥俄州的克里夫蘭，洛威爾全家都搬到了威斯康辛州的密爾沃基，where he graduated from Juneau High School and became an Eagle Scout. Later he attended the University of Wisconsin for two years, joining the Alpha Phi Omega fraternity. He continued on to the United States Naval Academy and, after graduating in 1952, entered the United States Navy where he served in the Korean War. After spending four years as a 試飛員 at the Naval Air Test Center in Patuxent River, Maryland, 洛威爾曾是水星計劃7人的候選成員，但由於醫療檢查中的一個後來變得不重要的細節未被選擇。1962年，洛威爾被選入第二組宇航員。

洛威爾擔任了雙子星4號的替補飛行員，第一次太空任務是1965年12月的雙子星7號任務。雙子星7號是首次長達兩星期的太空任務，也首次和雙子星6A號完成了首次太空集合。洛威爾原本是雙子星10號的替補指令長，但在埃里奧特·希和查爾斯·巴塞特犧牲后，他成為了雙子星9A號的替補指令長，1966年11月，洛威爾作為雙子星12號的指令長執行了第二次太空任務。在兩次任務后，洛威爾成為了在太空生活的時間最久的宇航員。

阿波羅8號的主力指令艙駕駛員邁克爾·科林斯因頸椎間盤突出症接受手術后，洛威爾接替了他的位置。和弗蘭克·博爾曼、與威廉·安德斯一起，洛威爾於1968年12月執行了首次環繞月球的阿波羅8號任務。

洛威爾擔任了首次登月的阿波羅11號的替補指令長，計劃中會擔任阿波羅14號的指令長。由於原計劃中阿波羅13號的指令長艾倫·謝潑德需要在長期不執行太空任務後進行更多的恢復訓練，洛威爾與謝潑德互換了任務。1970年4月11日，與弗萊德·海斯和傑克·斯威格特一道，洛威爾作為阿波羅13號的指令長開始了月球之旅。但在抵達月球之前，航天器的服務艙中的氧氣罐發生了爆炸，使航天器損失了大量氧氣和電力。登月任務於是被放棄，使用著登月艙的推進器、氧氣和電力，洛威爾、海斯和斯威格特飛越月球，利用月球引力產生的慣性，於4月17日加速返回地球。洛威爾是三名兩次去過月球的宇航員之一，但和其他兩人約翰·楊、尤金·塞爾南不同，洛威爾沒有在月球上行走過。

洛威爾的四次太空任務中超過715小時的太空經歷使他成為了宇航員太空停留時間的記錄保持者；直到天空實驗室計劃，洛威爾還是在太空見過日出次數最多的宇航員。與阿波羅13號的兩位搭檔一起，洛威爾還保持著人類離開地球最遠距離的記錄。

After the US Navy and NASA

He retired from the Navy and the space program in 1973 and went to work at the Bay-Houston Towing Company in Houston, Texas, becoming CEO in 1975. He became president of Fisk Telephone Systems in 1977, and later worked for Centel, retiring as an executive vice president on January 1, 1991. Lovell, a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award, later served as the President of the National Eagle Scout Association in the mid-1990's. He was also recognized by the Boy Scouts of America with their prestigious Silver Buffalo Award.

He married Marilyn Gerlach in 1952 and they have four children - Barbara (born in 1953), James (1955), Susan (1958) and Jeffrey (1966).

Along with Jeffrey Kluger, Lovell wrote a book on the Apollo 13 mission, Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13. This book was the basis for the later Ron Howard movie Apollo 13 (film) starring Tom Hanks as Lovell. In order to prepare for the role, Hanks visited Lovell and his wife at their house in Texas and even went for a ride with Lovell in his private airplane. In the movie Apollo 13, Lovell has a cameo as the ship's captain on the recovery ship. He was initially offered to be the admiral of the ship, but Lovell stated "I retired as a captain and a captain I will be" and he was cast. He can be seen as the older gentleman shaking Tom Hanks' hand on the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima during the voice over by Tom Hanks.

1999年, Lovell, along with his family, opened Lovell's of Lake Forest, a fine dining restaurant in Lake Forest, Illinois. The restaurant displays many artifacts from Lovell's time with NASA, as well as from the filming of Apollo 13. Lovell's son Jay is the executive chef.

Lovell also visits colleges and universities where he gives speeches on his experiences as an astronaut and businessman. He strongly urges students to get involved in science and the space program and he credits NASA in the 1960s with bringing much of the country together for a common goal.

Formal education

University of Wisconsin

United States Naval Academy (BS, 1952)

Test Pilot School, Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland (1958)

Aviation Safety School, University of Southern California (1961)

Advanced Management Program, Harvard Business School (1971)

雙子星7號，搭檔：弗蘭克·博爾曼

雙子星12號，搭檔：巴茲·奧爾德林

阿波羅8號，指令長，搭檔：威廉·安德斯、弗蘭克·博爾曼

阿波羅13號，指令長，搭檔：弗萊德·海斯、傑克·斯威格特。由於氧氣罐爆炸，登月被取消，三人安全返回地球。

太空停留時間 29天19小時03分鐘

選擇 第二組宇航員

任務 雙子星7號、雙子星12號、阿波羅8號、阿波羅13號

詹姆斯·阿瑟·洛威爾(James Arthur Lovell, Jr.)(美國海軍退役上尉，出生於1928年3月25日)曾是一位美國國家航空航天局的宇航員，以作為指令長將嚴重受損無法登月的阿波羅13號成功帶回地球而聞名。

Captain Lovell's awards & decorations include:

Military Awards

Navy Distinguished Service Medal

Distinguished Flying Cross with gold Service star

Air Medal

Navy Commendation Medal

National Defense Service Medal

Navy Expeditionary Medal

Naval Astronaut Wings

Naval Aviator Wings

United States Medal of Freedom

Other Awards

Harmon International Trophy (1966, 1967 and 1969)

Robert J. Collier Trophy (1968)

Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy (1969)

H. H. Arnold Trophy (1969)

General Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy (1969)

Presidential Medal of Freedom

Légion d'honneur

NASA Distinguished Service Medal

NASA Exceptional Service Medal

FAI De Laval Medal & Gold Space Medals

National Geographic Society's Hubbard Medal

Congressional Space Medal of Honor

7th Street in Downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin is now called "North James Lovell Street".

徠Capt. Lovell is a Fellow in the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and a member of the prestigious Golden Eagles.

吉姆·洛威爾 in Fiction

洛威爾的 book was used as a basis for the 電影阿波羅13號, in which Lovell was portrayed by Tom Hanks, although the physical resemblance is slight. (Lovell had personally wanted Kevin Costner, who resembled him more, to portray him.) Lovell had a cameo appearance at the end of the movie as the captain of the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima. In the HBO series 從地球到月球, 洛威爾 was portrayed by Tim Daly.

In the 2002 novel Ice，吉姆·洛威爾 and his wife both appear in a fictional memorial scene commemorating what everyone assumes is the deaths of two Apollo astronauts on the Moon after their LM ascent engine fails to fire. Captain and Mrs. Lovell are described as providing comfort to the bereaved wives and children of the two missing-and-presumed-dead astronauts--something they hadn't had to do since the Apollo 1 fire.

Legal dispute

In the July 21, 1996 issue of San José Metro News, Lovell was quoted as saying the following of Moon landing hoax believer Bill Kaysing:

"The guy is wacky. His position makes me feel angry. We spent a lot of time getting ready to go to the moon. We spent a lot of money, we took great risks, and it's something everybody in the country ought to be proud of."

Kaysing sued Lovell for libel. In 1997 a judge threw the case out of court (Plait 2002:173).

References

Philip Plait (2002). Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Astrology to the Moon Landing "Hoax". John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-40976-6.