咪草煙

熔 點：169℃-173℃

徠蒸氣壓：0.013mpa(60℃)

溶解度(g/L，25℃): 水1.4；丙酮48.2；三氯甲烷185；甲苯5；異丙醇17；甲醇105

Kow logP = 1.04 (pH 5), 1.49 (pH 7), 1.20 (pH 9) (all 25 ºC)

穩定性：在酸性及中性條件下穩定，遇強鹼分解。

產品特點：

原葯質量指標

項目 標準值

外觀 淡黃色至白色結晶固體，無可見外來雜質

含量 ≥98.0%

PH 3.0-5.0

加熱減量 ≤1.0%

固體不溶物 ≤1.0%

用途：用於豆科作物防除禾本科雜草及闊葉雜草.

毒性：低毒，大鼠急性經口LD50>5 000mg/kg。

[COMMERCIALISATION]

History: Herbicide reported by T. Malefyt et al. (Abstr. 1984, Weed Sci. Soc. Mtg., Miami, p. 18, Abstract 49). Introduced by American Cyanamid Co (now BASF AG).

[APPLICATIONS ]

Biochemistry Branched chain amino acid synthesis (ALS or AHAS) inhibitor. Hence reduces levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine, leading to disruption of protein and DNA synthesis. Selectivity in soya benas and peanuts is attributed to rapid detoxification via hydroxylation and glycosylation (B. Tecle et al., Proc. 1997 Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 2, 605). Mode of Action Systemic herbicide, absorbed by the roots and foliage, with translocation in the xylem and phloem, and accumulation in the meristematic regions. Uses Control of many major annual and perennial grass and broad-leaved weeds in soya beans and other leguminous crops. Applied pre-plant incorporated, pre-emergence, or post-emergence. Phytoxicity Non-phytotoxic to soya beans and other leguminous crops, when used as directed. Formulation types SL. Selected tradenames: 'Hammer' (BASF); 'Overtop' (BASF, du Pont); 'Pivot' (BASF); 'Pursuit DG' (BASF); 'Pursuit' (BASF)

[OTHER TRADENAMES ]

'Wayup' (BASF); 'Vezir' (Herbitécnica); 'Vrilec' (Ipesa)

[MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY ]

Oral: Acute oral LD50 for male and female rats, and female mice >5000 mg/kg. Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg; mild skin and reversible eye irritant.

Inhalation: LC50 for rats 3.27 mg/l air (analytical), 4.21 mg/l (gravimetric).

NOEL (2 y): for rats >10 000 mg/kg diet; (1 y) for dogs >10 000 mg/kg diet (highest dose tested).

WHO hazard class: III (Table 5)

Other: Non-mutagenic in the Ames test.

Toxicity class: III

[ECOTOXICOLOGY ]

Birds: Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >2150 mg/kg.

Fish: LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 420, rainbow trout 340, channel catfish 240 mg/l.

Daphnia: LC50 (48 h) <1000 mg/l.

Algae: NOEL for Selenastrum capricornutum 50 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. I50 for Lemna gibba 4.38 mg/l.

Bees: Topical LD50 for honeybees >0.1 mg/bee.

Worms: I50 >10 000 mg/kg.

[ENVIRONMENTAL FATE ]

Animals: In rats, following oral administration, 92% was excreted in the urine and 5% in the faeces within 24 hours. Residue levels in blood, liver, kidney, muscle, and fat tissues were <0.01 ppm after 48 hours.

Plants: Rapidly metabolised in non-susceptible plants; half-life in soya beans 1.6 days. The primary metabolic route in maize is oxidative hydroxylation at the a-carbon atom of the ethyl substituent on the pyridine ring.

Soil/Environment: Half-life in soil 1-3 months.

咪唑啉酮類除草劑，是側鏈氨基酸合成抑製劑，芽前或芽后施用。對大豆田和其他豆科植物田的禾本科雜草和某些闊葉雜草有優異的防效，如莧菜、蓼、藜、龍葵、蒼耳、稗草、狗尾草、馬唐、黍等。可製成水劑。施藥方法：苗期（大豆真葉期至2片複葉期、雜草1～4葉期），每公頃1000～2000ml5%水劑，對水450～600kg均勻噴霧。插后苗期（土壤墒情好時），每公頃1500～2250ml5%水劑，對水450～600kg均勻噴霧。注意事項：施藥均勻、周到，避免重複施藥，一年內僅可施藥一次；避免飛機高空施藥；施藥時切不可漂移至敏感作物上；敏感作物有甜菜、白菜、油菜、西瓜、黃瓜、馬鈴薯、茄子、辣椒、番茄、高粱等，上述作物在第二年內不能種植，甜菜三年內不能種植；本製劑適於東北大豆產區，未應用過的地區應在農技部門指導下試驗后推廣。

雙乙烯酮在二氯甲烷中用氯氣處理，得氯代乙醯乙酸乙酯，該化合物與二氯碸在三氯甲烷中，於室溫下反應10小時，得2，4-二氯代乙醯乙酸乙酯，再與2-乙基丙烯醛和氨基磺酸銨在無水乙醇中迴流1.5小時，製得2-氯甲基-5-乙基煙酸乙酯，後者與2-氨基-2，3-二甲基丁醯胺和碳酸氫鈉在二甲基亞碸中，於80℃下反應16小時，得到的縮合物再水解，然後在乙酸中環合即得咪草煙。

備註：勿在未襯裡的不鏽鋼或鋁容器中貯存或混合，有腐蝕性；不能與強氧化劑混合。避免藥物接觸皮膚、眼睛或玷污衣物；避免吸入液霧。藥劑一旦接觸皮膚、眼睛應用大量清水沖洗；不慎誤服時，勿催吐應立即送醫院診治。

鳥類：急性經口LD50，鵪鶉和綠頭鴨2150毫克/千克。

魚類：半致死濃度（ 96小時）為420毫克/升，虹鱒魚340毫克/升，鯰魚240毫克/升

蚤：半致死濃度（ 48小時） 1000毫克/升

海藻：月牙藻50毫克/升，其他水生草浮萍為4.38毫克/升

蜜蜂：局部蜜蜂的LD50為0.1毫克/升。

蟲類： 150～10 000毫克/升。

環境轉移

動物：在大鼠口服后92 %從尿液排出，5 %從糞便排出，24小時內，血液，肝臟，腎臟，肌肉，脂肪組織的殘留水平較多。

植物：快速新陳代謝的非敏感植物；半衰期大豆一點六天，主要代謝途徑是在玉米氧化羥化在一個碳原子的乙基取代的吡啶環。

土壤/環境：半衰期在土壤中1-3個月。

本品在貯存、運輸和施藥過程中切勿污染食物和飼料。