微型計算機控制技術

微型計算機控制技術是一門綜合性很強的學科，涉及的內容十分廣泛。本書以單片機、可編程式控制制器、組態軟體為背景介紹微型計算機控制技術。本書對計算機控制系統中所涉及的基礎理論和基本知識作了適當的介紹，在此基礎上重點介紹了計算機控制系統中的常見技術和方法，並對近年來發展起來的新技術從應用的角度進行了介紹。

內容包括：微型計算機控制系統概述、自動控制理論基礎、輸入輸出介面技術、微型計算機控制系統的數據處理方法、典型數字控制器及實現方法、PLC 及應用技術、組態軟體及應用技術、微型計算機控制系統示例等。全書體系結構合理，內容豐富，注重實用性，突出應用技術，注重軟體與硬體的有機結合，重點突出，層次分明，語言流暢，通俗易懂，書中通過示例的形式介紹應用技術，實用性強。

本書可作為普通高校各類自動化、電子與電氣工程、計算機應用、機電一體化等專業的教材，也可供有關的工程技術人員學習和參考。

第一章 微型計算機控制系統概述··············································································· 1

§1.1 微型計算機控制系統及其組成········································································ 1

§1.2 微型計算機控制系統的分類············································································ 2

§1.2.1 操作指導控制系統····················································································· 2

§1.2.2 直接數字控制系統····················································································· 2

§1.2.3 集散控制系統····························································································· 3

§1.2.4 現場匯流排控制系統····················································································· 3

§1.3 微型計算機控制系統的發展趨勢····································································· 5

習題······························································································································ 7

第二章 自動控制理論基礎··························································································· 8

§2.1 自動控制系統概述···························································································· 8

§2.1.1 開環控制系統與閉環控制系統·································································· 8

§2.1.2 自動控制系統的組成與分類···································································· 11

§2.2 控制系統的數學模型······················································································ 13

§2.2.1 描述系統運動的微分方程······································································· 13

§2.2.2 傳遞函數··································································································· 16

§2.2.3 動態結構圖······························································································· 22

§2.3 控制系統的分析······························································································ 26

§2.3.1 典型輸入信號··························································································· 27

§2.3.2 系統的時域性能指標··············································································· 28

§2.3.3 系統的穩定性··························································································· 29

§2.3.4 一階系統的分析······················································································· 32

§2.3.5 典型二階系統的分析··············································································· 33

§2.4 控制系統的校正······························································································ 40

§2.4.1 串聯校正和並聯校正··············································································· 40

§2.4.2 PID 控制器······························································································· 41

習題···························································································································· 46

第三章 輸入輸出介面技術························································································· 48

§3.1 開關量(數字量)輸入輸出通道··································································· 48

§3.1.1 開關量(數字量)輸入通道···································································· 48

§3.1.2 開關量輸出通道······················································································· 50

§3.1.3 光電耦合器及介面電路··········································································· 52

§3.2 A/D 轉換器介面技術······················································································ 54

§3.2.1 A/D 轉換器的主要技術指標···································································· 54

§3.2.2 A/D 轉換器介面技術··············································································· 55

§3.2.3 用電壓/頻率變換器(VFC)實現A/D 轉換技術··································· 61

§3.3 D/A 轉換器介面技術······················································································ 65

§3.3.1 8 位D/A 轉換器介面技術········································································ 65

§3.3.2 12 位D/A 轉換器介面技術······································································ 68

§3.4 模擬量輸入輸出通道······················································································ 70

§3.4.1 模擬量輸入通道······················································································· 70

§3.4.2 模擬量輸出通道······················································································· 73

§3.5 RS-232C、RS-422/485 介面技術··································································· 77

§3.5.1 RS-232C 介面技術··················································································· 77

§3.5.2 RS-422/485 介面技術··············································································· 80

§3.6 輸入輸出通道抗干擾技術·············································································· 81

§3.6.1 輸入輸出通道抗干擾措施······································································· 82

§3.6.2 系統供電與接地······················································································· 83

習題···························································································································· 84