灶鳥科

灶鳥科

灶鳥科(Furnariida),雀形目的一科。灶鳥科有55屬212種,是比較多樣的一科。

外形特徵


灶鳥科共屬,約,亞。布局限洲南洲。形態歧類群,型及俗。雖該科鳥巢建洞岩石裂隙,著類營巢習,整科乃“灶鳥”()。灶鳥形、境食類似百靈、鷦鷯、山雀、鶇和鶯,但該科鳥的骨骼和肌肉有共同特點。大多數種類褐到赤褐色,在翅下有赤褐色條紋。
灶鳥科屬型鳥類,厘米。具短圓翅膀,腿腳強,尾巴軸羽毛;鳥羽毛深,般褐、灰、黑、橄欖紅。
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科

生活習性


該類乎棲息熱,居南洲洲,北達墨哥南。該區城市園,亞遜盆。類布溫貧瘠安第斯山脈高地,甚至有2種抖尾地雀居住在海岸岩石上,並在海邊衝浪。灶鳥一般都在森林的地面搜索昆蟲等食物,海邊生活的則在退潮時啄食暴露出的貽貝
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科
灶鳥科

分佈範圍


灶鳥科
灶鳥科
分佈於中美洲,地處北美與南美之間,包括瓜地馬拉貝里斯宏都拉斯薩爾瓦多尼加拉瓜哥斯大黎加、巴拿馬、巴哈馬古巴海地牙買加、多米尼加、安地卡及巴布達、聖文森特和格林納丁斯、聖露西亞巴貝多格瑞那達特立尼達多巴哥等國家和地區。南美洲,包括哥倫比亞、委內瑞拉蓋亞那蘇利南厄瓜多秘魯玻利維亞巴拉圭、巴西、智利、阿根廷、烏拉圭以及馬爾維納斯群島(也稱福克蘭群島)。

繁殖方式


該科的鳥類都以食蟲為主,它們的名字是來源於其中很少一部分的鳥會用粘土建造“烤箱般”的巢, “灶鳥”( Furnace)是西班牙語首先賦予灶鳥科的名字。灶鳥科多棲息於密林中的喬木上。一般每巢產6個淡藍色,綠色或白色的卵。孵化期15至22天,而雛鳥出巢后,由親鳥再餵養13至20天就可

保護級別


灶鳥科
灶鳥科
全部列入《世界自然保護聯盟》(IUCN)ver 3.1:2009年鳥類紅色名錄。極危(CR)——3種、瀕危(EN)——8種、易危(VU)——15、近危(NT)——18種。

該科種類


(59屬,240種)
中文名稱拉丁學名
1.粉腿針尾雀Acrobatornis fonsecai
2.白眉拾葉雀Anabacerthia amaurotis
3.高山拾葉雀Anabacerthia striaticollis
4.鱗喉拾葉雀Anabacerthia variegaticeps
5.冠拾葉雀Anabazenops dorsalis
6.白領拾葉雀Anabazenops fuscus
7.栗翅鉤嘴雀Ancistrops strigilatus
8.集木雀Anumbius annumbi
9.馬薩島雷雀Aphrastura masafuerae
10.棘尾雷雀Aphrastura spinicauda
11.安第斯卡納灶鳥Asthenes anthoides
12.暗翅卡納灶鳥Asthenes arequipae
13.短嘴卡納灶鳥Asthenes baeri
14.波氏卡納灶鳥Asthenes berlepschi
15.仙人掌卡納灶鳥Asthenes cactorum
16.白胸卡納灶鳥Asthenes dorbignyi
17.斑紋卡納灶鳥Asthenes flammulata
18.馬基卡納灶鳥Asthenes heterura
19.蒼尾卡納灶鳥Asthenes huancavelicae
20.赫氏卡納灶鳥Asthenes hudsoni
21.烏尾卡納灶鳥Asthenes humicola
22.紋喉卡納灶鳥Asthenes humilis
23.西波卡納灶鳥Asthenes luizae
24.蓬尾卡納灶鳥Asthenes maculicauda
25.高山卡納灶鳥Asthenes modesta
26.銹額卡納灶鳥Asthenes ottonis
27.南美卡納灶鳥Asthenes patagonica
28.峽谷卡納灶鳥Asthenes pudibunda
29.小卡納灶鳥Asthenes pyrrholeuca
30.科爾卡納灶鳥Asthenes sclateri
31.栗卡納灶鳥Asthenes steinbachi
32.線額卡納灶鳥Asthenes urubambensis
33.秘魯卡納灶鳥Asthenes virgata
34.紋背卡納灶鳥Asthenes wyatti
35.綠背拾葉雀Automolus infuscatus
36.白眼拾葉雀Automolus leucophthalmus
37.褐腰拾葉雀Automolus melanopezus
38.黃喉拾葉雀Automolus ochrolaemus
39.白喉拾葉雀Automolus roraimae
40.銹色拾葉雀Automolus rubiginosus
41.栗冠拾葉雀Automolus rufipileatus
42.尖尾棕櫚雀Berlepschia rikeri
43.黃頦針尾雀Certhiaxis cinnamomea
44.紅白針尾雀Certhiaxis mustelina
45.岩灶鳥Chilia melanura
46.淡眉樹獵雀Cichlocolaptes leucophrus
47.淡黑抖尾地雀Cinclodes antarcticus
48.皇抖尾地雀Cinclodes aricomae
49.白翅抖尾地雀Cinclodes atacamensis
50.科爾抖尾地雀Cinclodes comechingonus
51.粗嘴抖尾地雀Cinclodes excelsior
52.斑翅抖尾地雀Cinclodes fuscus
53.海濱抖尾地雀Cinclodes nigrofumosus
54.奧氏抖尾地雀Cinclodes olrogi
55.灰脅抖尾地雀Cinclodes oustaleti
56.長尾抖尾地雀Cinclodes pabsti
57.白腹抖尾地雀Cinclodes palliatus
58.暗腹抖尾地雀Cinclodes patagonicus
59.逐浪抖尾地雀Cinclodes taczanowskii
60.地棘雀Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides
61.擬鷚灌叢雀Coryphistera alaudina
62.白冠針尾雀Cranioleuca albicapilla
63.淡頂針尾雀Cranioleuca albiceps
64.紋頰針尾雀Cranioleuca antisiensis
65.巴氏針尾雀Cranioleuca baroni
66.灰眉針尾雀Cranioleuca curtata
67.泰普針尾雀Cranioleuca demissa
68.科島針尾雀Cranioleuca dissita
69.紅臉針尾雀Cranioleuca erythrops
70.斑針尾雀Cranioleuca gutturata
71.紋冠針尾雀Cranioleuca hellmayri
72.波利維亞針尾雀Cranioleuca henricae
73.秘魯針尾雀Cranioleuca marcapatae
74.鱗斑針尾雀Cranioleuca muelleri
75.綠針尾雀Cranioleuca obsoleta
76.淡色針尾雀Cranioleuca pallida
77.紋頂針尾雀Cranioleuca pyrrhophia
78.灰頭針尾雀Cranioleuca semicinerea
79.冠針尾雀Cranioleuca subscristata
80.黃須針尾雀Cranioleuca sulphurifera
81.銹背針尾雀Cranioleuca vulpina
82.斑尾爬地雀Eremobius phoenicurus
83.冠灶鳥Furnarius cristatus
84.白斑灶鳥Furnarius figulus
85.淡腿灶鳥Furnarius leucopus
86.小灶鳥Furnarius minor
87.棕灶鳥Furnarius rufus
88.淡嘴灶鳥Furnarius torridus
89.短嘴掘穴雀Geositta antarctica
90.厚嘴掘穴雀Geositta crassirostris
91.掘穴雀Geositta cunicularia
92.白腰掘穴雀Geositta isabellina
93.灰掘穴雀Geositta maritima
94.岸掘穴雀Geositta peruviana
95.草原掘穴雀Geositta poecilopterus
96.高山掘穴雀Geositta punensis
97.棕斑掘穴雀Geositta rufipennis
98.黑翅掘穴雀Geositta saxicolina
99.細嘴掘穴雀Geositta tenuirostris
100.尖嘴樹獵雀Heliobletus contaminatus
101.白眉針尾雀Hellmayrea gularis
102.紅冠拾葉雀Hylocryptus erythrocephalus
103.栗頂拾葉雀Hylocryptus rectirostris
104.條紋拾葉雀Hyloctistes subulatus
105.純背針尾雀Leptasthenura aegithaloides
106.安第斯針尾雀Leptasthenura andicola
107.褐頂針尾雀Leptasthenura fuliginiceps
108.綉頂針尾雀Leptasthenura pileata
109.須針尾雀Leptasthenura platensis
110.南美針尾雀Leptasthenura setaria
111.紋針尾雀Leptasthenura striata
112.條紋針尾雀Leptasthenura striolata
113.秘魯白眉針尾雀Leptasthenura xenothorax
114.茶色針尾雀Leptasthenura yanacensis
115.彎嘴蘆雀Limnornis curvirostris
116.直嘴蘆雀Limnornis rectirostris
117.尖尾溪雀Lochmias nematura
118.華麗爬樹雀Margarornis bellulus
119.棕爬樹雀Margarornis rubiginosus
120.鱗斑爬樹雀Margarornis squamiger
121.黃斑爬樹雀Margarornis stellatus
122.大彎嘴雀Megaxenops parnaguae
123.橙額絨頂雀Metopothrix aurantiacus
124.查科爬地雀Tarphonomus certhioides
125.玻利維亞爬地雀Tarphonomus harterti
126.巴西棘尾雀Oreophylax moreirae
127.銹背軟尾雀Phacellodomus berlepschi
128.栗背棘雀Phacellodomus dorsalis
129.紅眼棘雀Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus
130.純色軟尾雀Thripophaga fusciceps
131.點斑胸棘雀Phacellodomus maculipectus
132.大棘雀Phacellodomus ruber
133.棕額棘雀Phacellodomus rufifrons
134.小棘雀Phacellodomus sibilatrix
135.紋額棘雀Phacellodomus striaticeps
136.斑胸棘雀Phacellodomus striaticollis
137.黑頂拾葉雀Philydor atricapillus
138.草黃拾葉雀Philydor dimidiatus
139.棕腰拾葉雀Philydor erythrocercus
140.栗翅拾葉雀Philydor erythropterus
141.藍灰拾葉雀Philydor fuscipennis
142.赭胸拾葉雀Philydor lichtensteini
143.諾氏拾葉雀Philydor novaesi
144.紅腰拾葉雀Philydor pyrrhodes
145.棕尾拾葉雀Philydor ruficaudatus
146.黃額拾葉雀Philydor rufus
147.擬鷯針尾雀Phleocryptes melanops
148.白須針尾雀Poecilurus candei
149.灰喉針尾雀Poecilurus kollari
150.褐頰針尾雀Poecilurus scutatus
151.點斑尾雀Premnoplex brunnescens
152.銹翅斑尾雀Premnornis guttuligera
153.白喉斑尾雀Premnornis tatei
154.條紋簇頰灶鶇Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii
155.太平洋簇頰灶鶇Pseudocolaptes johnsoni
156.黃簇頰灶鶇Pseudocolaptes lawrencii
157.棕巨灶鶇Pseudoseisura cristata
158.白喉巨灶鶇Pseudoseisura gutturalis
159.褐巨灶鶇Pseudoseisura lophotes
160.白喉爬樹雀Pygarrhichas albogularis
161.紅斑尾雀Roraimia adustus
162.赭額棘尾雀Schizoeaca coryi
163.白頦棘尾雀Schizoeaca fuliginosa
164.灰棘尾雀Schizoeaca griseomurina
165.黑喉棘尾雀Schizoeaca harterti
166.高山棘尾雀Schizoeaca helleri
167.綉眼棘尾雀Schizoeaca palpebralis
168.秘魯棘尾雀Schizoeaca perijana
169.維山棘尾雀Schizoeaca vilcabambae
170.霍托針尾雀Schoeniophylax phryganophila
171.灰喉硬尾雀Sclerurus albigularis
172.黑尾硬尾雀Sclerurus caudacutus
173.鱗喉硬尾雀Sclerurus guatemalensis
174.茶喉硬尾雀Sclerurus mexicanus
175.短嘴硬尾雀Sclerurus rufigularis
176.棕胸硬尾雀Sclerurus scansor
177.玻利維亞拾葉雀Simoxenops striatus
178.秘魯拾葉雀Simoxenops ucayalae
179.眼紋刺尾雀Siptornis striaticollis
180.大針尾雀Siptornopsis hypochondriacus
181.栗頂針尾雀Spartonoica maluroides
182.阿根廷線尾雀Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii
183.淡胸針尾雀Synallaxis albescens
184.暗胸針尾雀Synallaxis albigularis
185.白眼先針尾雀Synallaxis albilora
186.阿氏針尾雀Synallaxis azarae
187.藍灰針尾雀Synallaxis brachyura
188.卡氏針尾雀Synallaxis cabanisi
189.黑喉針尾雀Synallaxis castanea
190.栗喉針尾雀Synallaxis cherriei
191.欽奇針尾雀Synallaxis chinchipensis
192.灰腹針尾雀Synallaxis cinerascens
193.紋胸針尾雀Synallaxis cinnamomea
194.阿波針尾雀Synallaxis courseni
195.棕胸針尾雀Synallaxis erythrothorax
196.煙額針尾雀Synallaxis frontalis
197.銹頭針尾雀Synallaxis fuscorufa
198.純頂針尾雀Synallaxis gujanensis
199.雷氏針尾雀Synallaxis hellmayri
200.灰胸針尾雀Synallaxis hypospodia
201.純色針尾雀Synallaxis infuscata
202.馬氏針尾雀Synallaxis macconnelli
203.馬拉針尾雀Synallaxis maranonica
204.暗色針尾雀Synallaxis moesta
205.白腹針尾雀Synallaxis propinqua
206.棕頂針尾雀Synallaxis ruficapilla
207.赤黃針尾雀Synallaxis rutilans
208.奇克針尾雀Synallaxis spixi
209.項圈針尾雀Synallaxis stictothorax
210.銀喉針尾雀Synallaxis subpudica
211.黑頭針尾雀Synallaxis tithys
212.棕色針尾雀Synallaxis unirufa
213.巴西針尾雀Synallaxis whitneyi
214.黃腹針尾雀Synallaxis zimmeri
215.點斑拾葉雀Syndactyla guttulata
216.棕頸拾葉雀Syndactyla ruficollis
217.黃眉拾葉雀Syndactyla rufosuperciliata
218.線紋拾葉雀Syndactyla subalaris
219.火紅樹獵雀Thripadectes flammulatus
220.縱紋樹獵雀Thripadectes holostictus
221.純色樹獵雀Thripadectes ignobilis
222.黑嘴樹獵雀Thripadectes melanorhynchus
223.紋胸樹獵雀Thripadectes rufobrunneus
224.黃喉樹獵雀Thripadectes scrutator
225.紋頂樹獵雀Thripadectes virgaticeps
226.委內瑞拉軟尾雀Thripophaga cherriei
227.條紋軟尾雀Thripophaga macroura
228.白喉爬地雀Upucerthia albigula
229.岩爬地雀Upucerthia andaecola
230.鱗喉爬地雀Upucerthia dumetaria
231.純胸爬地雀Upucerthia jelskii
232.直嘴爬地雀Upucerthia ruficauda
233.條紋爬地雀Upucerthia serrana
234.黃胸爬地雀Upucerthia validirostris
235.雙斑灰尾雀Xenerpestes minlosi
236.赤道灰尾雀Xenerpestes singulatis
237.棕尾翹嘴雀Xenops milleri
238.純色翹嘴雀Xenops minutus
239.縱紋翹嘴雀Xenops rutilans
240.細嘴翹嘴雀Xenops tenuirostris