山礬屬

杜鵑花目山礬科植物

山礬屬(拉丁名:Symplocos Jacq)為杜鵑花目、山礬科熱帶和亞熱帶植物。我國約80餘種,產江南各省,有些種類的木材可用。灌木或喬木。單葉,互生,通常具鋸齒、腺質鋸齒或全緣,無托葉。花輻射對稱,兩性稀雜性,排成穗狀花序、總狀花序、圓錐花序或團傘花序,很少單生。

形態特徵


山礬屬
山礬屬
灌木或喬木。單葉,互生,通常具鋸齒、腺質鋸齒或全緣,無托葉。花輻射對稱,兩性稀雜性,排成穗狀花序、總狀花序、圓錐花序或團傘花序,很少單生;花通常為1枚苞片和2枚小苞片所承托;萼3-5深裂或淺裂,通常5裂,裂片鑷合狀排列或覆瓦狀排列,通常宿存;花冠裂片分裂至近基部或中部,裂片3-11片,通常5片,覆瓦狀排列;雄蕊通常多數,很少4-5枚,著生於花冠筒上,花絲呈各式連生或分離,排成1-5列,花藥近球形,2室,縱裂;子房下位或半下位,頂端常具花盤和腺點,2-5室,通常3室,花柱1,纖細,柱頭小,頭狀或2-5裂;胚珠每室2-4顆,下垂。果為核果,頂端冠以宿存的萼裂片,通常具薄的中果皮和堅硬木質的核(內果皮);核光滑或具棱,1-5室,每室有種子1顆,具豐富的胚乳,胚直或彎曲,子葉很短,線形。

下級分類


山礬亞屬Subg. Symplocos
南嶺山礬Symplocos confusa Brand
吊鐘山礬Symplocos punctulata Masamune et Syozi
深裂山礬亞屬Subg. Hopea (Linn.) Clarke
球果山礬組Sect. Bobua (DC.) Brand
狹葉山礬 Symplocos angustifolia Guill.
越南山礬 Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore
短穗花山礬 Symplocos divaricativena Hayata
火灰山礬 Symplocos dung Eberh. et Dub.
台東山礬 Symplocos konishii Hayata
光葉山礬 Symplocos lancifolia Sieb. et Zucc.
黃牛奶樹 Symplocos laurina (Retz.) Wall.
潮州山礬 Symplocos mollifolia Dunn
卵葉山礬 Symplocos ovalifolia Hand.-Mazz.
少脈山礬 Symplocos paucinervia Noot.
團傘組Sect. Glomeratae Y. F. Wu
腺柄山礬 Symplocos adenopus Hance
銅綠山礬 Symplocos aenea Hand.-Mazz.
南國山礬 Symplocos austrosinensis Hand.-Mazz.
密花山礬 Symplocos congesta Benth.
長毛山礬 Symplocos dolichotricha Merr.
福建山礬 Symplocos fukienensis Ling
腺緣山礬 Symplocos glandulifera Brand
團花山礬 Symplocos glomerata King ex Gamble
大葉山礬 Symplocos grandis Hand.-Mazz.
叢花山礬 Symplocos poilanei Guill.
老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris Brand
捲毛山礬 Symplocos ulotricha Ling
文山山礬 Symplocos wenshanensis Huang et Y. F. Wu
無量山山礬 Symplocos wuliangshanensis Huang et Y. F. Wu
宜章山礬 Symplocos yizhangensis Y. F. Wu
光頂山礬組Sect. Lodhra G. Don.
腺葉山礬 Symplocos adenophylla Wall.
瓶核山礬 Symplocos ascidiiformis Y. F. Wu
橄欖山礬 Symplocos atriolivacea Merr. et Chun ex Li
總狀山礬 Symplocos botryantha Franch.
葫蘆果山礬 Symplocos cavaleriei Levl.
十棱山礬 Symplocos chunii Merr
厚葉山礬 Symplocos crassilimba Merr.
美山礬 Symplocos decora Hance
長花柱山礬 Symplocos dolichostylosa Y. F. Wu
堅木山礬 Symplocos dryophila Clarke
三裂山礬 Symplocos fordii Hance
腺斑山礬 Symplocos glandulosopunctata Y. F. Wu
羊舌樹 Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz.
海南山礬 Symplocos hainanensis Merr. et Chun
海桐山礬 Symplocos heishanensis Hayata
滇南山礬 Symplocos hookeri Clarke
瓊中山礬 Symplocos maclurei Merr.
長梗山礬 Symplocos modesta Brand
能高山礬 Symplocos nokoensis (Hayata) Kanehira
倒披針葉山礬 Symplocos oblanceolata Y. F. Wu
卵苞山礬 Symplocos ovatibracteata Y. F. Wu.
宿苞山礬 Symplocos persistens Huang et Y. F. Wu
柔毛山礬 Symplocos pilosa Rehd.
鐵山礬 Symplocos pseudobarberina Gontsch.
梨葉山礬 Symplocos pyrifolia Wall. ex G. Don
珠仔樹 Symplocos racemosa Roxb.
毛軸山礬 Symplocos rachitricha Y. F. Wu
多花山礬 Symplocos ramosissima Wall. ex G. Don
銀色山礬 Symplocos subconnata Hand.-Mazz.
山礬 Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
壇果山礬 Symplocos urceolaris Hance
綠枝山礬 Symplocos viridissima Brand
木核山礬 Symplocos xylopyrena C. Y. Wu ex Y. F. Wu
滇灰木 Symplocos yunnanensis Brand
古山礬組Sect. Palaeosymplocos Brand
薄葉山礬 Symplocos anomala Brand
厚皮灰木 Symplocos crassifolia Benth.
毛山礬 Symplocos groffii Merr.
蒙自山礬 Symplocos henryi Brand
廣西山礬 Symplocos kwangsiensis Merr. ex Li
台灣山礬 Symplocos morrisonicola Hayata
枝穗山礬 Symplocos multipes Brand
葉萼山礬 Symplocos phyllocalyx Clarke
四川山礬 Symplocos setchuensis Brand
稜角山礬 Symplocos tetragona Chen ex Y. F. Wu
茶葉山礬 Symplocos theaefolia D. Don
微毛山礬 Symplocos wikstroemiifolia Hayata
錐序組Sect. PaluraG. Don Gen.
華山礬 Symplocos chinensis (Lour.) Druce
白檀 Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) Miq.
單花山礬組Sect. Singuliflorae Y. F. Wu
柃葉山礬 Symplocos euryoides Hand.-Mazz.
單花山礬 Symplocos ovatilobata Noot.
存疑種(山礬屬) Symplocos spp.

所有物種


SymplocosJacq.山礬屬,山礬科,約250種,分佈於熱帶和亞熱帶,我國約80餘種,產江南各省,有些種類的木材可用。
白檀潮州山礬吊鐘山礬貴陽山礬黃牛奶樹(原變種)柃葉山礬
被毛腺柄山礬叢花山礬頂花山礬海南山礬火灰山礬綠枝山礬
薄葉山礬大葉山礬短穗花山礬海桐山礬堅木山礬卵苞山礬
茶條果單花山礬多花山礬厚皮灰木捲毛山礬卵葉山礬
茶葉山礬倒披針葉山礬福建山礬厚葉山礬蘭嶼山礬毛山礬
長梗山礬滇灰木橄欖山礬葫蘆果山礬老鼠矢毛軸山礬
長花柱山礬滇南山礬光葉山礬華山礬稜角山礬
長毛山礬滇南山礬(原變種)廣西山礬黃牛奶樹梨葉山礬