伊利諾伊州

美利堅合眾國下轄州

伊利諾伊州(Illinois)位於美國中西部,北接威斯康星州,東北瀕密歇根湖,東界印第安納州,東南鄰肯塔基州,西隔密西西比河與密蘇里州和艾奧瓦州相望。面積14.6萬平方公里,首府斯普林菲爾德(Springfield)。

該州別名“內陸帝國” (The Inland Empire)或“草原之州” (The Prairie State)。州花是紫羅蘭(Native Violet)。州鳥是北美紅雀(Cardinal)。州樹是白橡(White Oak)。

歷史沿革


伊利諾伊州
伊利諾伊州
以印第安人伊利諾伊部落之名命名。1673年,法國探險家路易·若利埃和雅克·馬凱特首先探測了密西西比河和伊利諾伊河。1763年,英國取得密西西比河以東地區的統治權。1784年劃歸美國。1809年2月3日,伊利諾伊領地成立。1818年,伊利諾成為美國第21州。因1834年林肯當選為州議員開始其政治生涯,該州也被稱為“林肯之地”。
伊利諾伊州(Illinois, IL)面積15萬平方公里(全美排名第25位),人口1283萬(2010年人口統計數據),在50州內列第5位,其中2/3居住在芝加哥及其周圍地區,白人、黑人和亞太裔分別佔總人口的71.5%、14.5%和4.6%,約有華僑華人10餘萬人。
首府春田市(Springfield),位於伊州中部,人口11萬,是伊州的政治中心。芝加哥市(Chicago)是該州最大城市,地處伊州東北角,人口289萬,為美國第三大城市和重要的工業、金融、農產品加工和交通中心。城市高層建築頗具特色,被譽為“世界建築博物館”。
伊州2011年GDP6723億美元,人均GDP52116美元(全美排名第13位)。2011年對外貿易額1870億美元,佔全美外貿總額的5%,其中對華貿易額268.71億美元,出口額38.97億美元,進口額229.74億美元。
伊州是美國傳統製造業中心,主要產品為機械設備、農業機械、行動電話、醫療器械及農產品等。2009年《財富》雜誌評出的美國500家最大公司中有31家的總部設在伊州,在全美各州中位居第4。經濟外向型特徵明顯,1/7就業人口與出口有關。伊州也是農業大州,有農場7.8萬多個,農業人口佔全州總人口的2.7%,產值占州年生產總值的2%。
教育、文化和新聞事業發達。共有報紙700多份,其中日報50份,主要有《芝加哥論壇報》和《芝加哥太陽時報》。有50餘家電視台,近400家電台。大專院校188所,數量居全美第5位,在校生75萬人,其中芝加哥大學西北大學綜合排名位列全美前十位左右。
伊州與遼寧省(1982年)和台灣省(1992年)互為友好省州,芝加哥與瀋陽(1985年)和上海(1985年)互為友城。此外,喬利埃特(Joliet)、洛克福特(Rockford)、柏林布魯克(Bolingbrook)、佩里亞(Peoria)、蓋利斯伯格(Galesburg)分別與遼寧省遼陽市、江蘇省常州市、河南省許昌市、遼寧省本溪市和安徽省馬鞍山市互為友城。

行政區劃


州徽
州徽
首府是位於伊州中部的春田市,是伊州的政治中心。芝加哥是伊州最大城市,為僅次於紐約和洛杉磯的美國第三大城市。芝加哥及周圍6縣構成大芝加哥地區。
重要城市:芝加哥、埃文斯頓、埃爾金、奧克朗、喬利矣特、奧羅拉、沃其根、羅克福德、迪卡爾布、羅克艾蘭、蓋爾斯堡、皮奧里亞、諾黙爾、厄巴納-香檳、丹維尓、特雷霍持,印第安納州、斯普林菲爾德州府、布盧明頓、迪凱持、奧爾頓、東聖路易斯、森特勒利亞、卡本代爾、帕度卡,肯塔基州
CountyFIPS codeCounty seatEstablishedOriginEtymologyPopulationAreaMap
Adams County001Quincy1825Pike CountyJohn Quincy Adams(1767–1848), sixthPresident of the United States67,103
857sqmi
(2,220km)
Alexander County003Cairo1819Union CountyWilliam M. Alexander, a settler and state representative in theIllinois General Assembly8,238
236sqmi
(611km)
Bond County005Greenville1817Crawford County, Edwards County, and Madison CountyShadrach Bond(1773–1832), FirstGovernor of Illinois17,768
380sqmi
(984km)
Boone County007Belvidere1837Winnebago CountyDaniel Boone(1734-1820), trailblazer of theWilderness Roadin Kentucky54,165
281sqmi
(728km)
Brown County009Mount Sterling1839Schuyler CountyJacob Brown(1775–1828), a successfulAmerican Revolutionarmy officer responsible for Great Lakes defenses6,937
306sqmi
(793km)
Bureau County011Princeton1837Putnam CountyPierre de Bureo, Frenchman,North American fur trader34,978
869sqmi
(2,251km)
Calhoun County013Hardin1825Pike CountyJohn C. Calhoun(1782–1850),South Carolinasenator and seventhVice President of the United States5,089
254sqmi
(658km)
Carroll County015Mount Carroll1839Jo DaviessCharles Carroll of Carrollton(1737–1832), signed theDeclaration of Independenceon behalf ofMaryland15,387
444sqmi
(1,150km)
Cass County017Virginia1837Morgan CountyLewis Cass(1782–1866), second governor ofMichigan Territory, fourteenthUnited States Secretary of War13,642
376sqmi
(974km)
Champaign County019Urbana1833Vermilion CountyChampaign County, Ohio, which took its name from theFrenchfor "open level country"201,081
997sqmi
(2,582km)
Christian County021Taylorville1839Sangamon CountyChristian County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterColonel William Christian34,800
709sqmi
(1,836km)
Clark County023Marshall1819Crawford CountyGeorge Rogers Clark(1752–1818), highest-ranking officer in theNorthwest Territoryduring theAmerican Revolution16,335
502sqmi
(1,300km)
Clay County025Louisville1824Wayne, Lawrence, Fayette, and Crawford CountyHenry Clay(1777–1852), Kentucky legislator who negotiated theMissouri Compromise13,815
469sqmi
(1,215km)
Clinton County027Carlyle1824Washington, Bond, and Fayette CountyDeWitt Clinton(1769–1828),Governor of New York, responsible for the construction of theErie Canal37,762
474sqmi
(1,228km)
Coles County029Charleston1830Clark and Edgar CountyEdward Coles(1786–1868), secondGovernor of Illinois, responsible for the abolition of slavery in Illinois53,873
508sqmi
(1,316km)
Cook County031Chicago1831Putnam CountyDaniel Pope Cook(1794–1827), politician and firstAttorney General of Illinois5,194,675
946sqmi
(2,450km)
Crawford County033Robinson1816Edwards CountyWilliam H. Crawford(1772–1834), ninthUnited States Secretary of War, seventhSecretary of the Treasury19,817
444sqmi
(1,150km)
Cumberland County035Toledo1843Coles CountyDisputed:Cumberland Road, which entered the county;Cumberland, Maryland; orCumberland Riverin Kentucky11,048
346sqmi
(896km)
DeKalb County037Sycamore1837Kane CountyJohann de Kalb(1721–80), German soldier in theContinental Armywho fought alongsideGilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette105,160
634sqmi
(1,642km)
DeWitt County039Clinton1839Macon and McLean CountyDeWitt Clinton(1769–1828),Governor of New York, responsible for the construction of theErie Canal16,561
398sqmi
(1,031km)
Douglas County041Tuscola1859Coles CountyStephen A. Douglas(1813–61), prominent Illinois Democrat whoengaged in debateswithAbraham Lincoln19,980
417sqmi
(1,080km)
DuPage County043Wheaton1839Cook CountyDuPage River916,924
334sqmi
(865km)
Edgar County045Paris1823Clark CountyJohn Edgar(c. 1750–1832), Illinois delegate to theNorthwest Territorylegislature; at time, wealthiest man in Illinois18,576
624sqmi
(1,616km)
Edwards County047Albion1814Gallatin County and Madison CountyNinian Edwards(1775–1833), thirdGovernor of the State of Illinoisand only governor of theIllinois Territory6,721
222sqmi
(575km)
Effingham County049Effingham1831Fayette and Crawford CountyLord Thomas Effingham, military officer who resigned from theBritish Armyto avoid fighting the American colonies34,242
479sqmi
(1,241km)
Fayette County051Vandalia1821Bond, Wayne, Clark, Jefferson, and Crawford CountyMarquis de la Fayette(1757–1834), French military officer who was a key factor in theAmericanandFrench Revolutions.22,140
716sqmi
(1,854km)
Ford County053Paxton1859Vermilion CountyThomas Ford(1800–50), eighthGovernor of Illinois; served during theIllinois Mormon War14,081
486sqmi
(1,259km)
Franklin County055Benton1818White County and Gallatin CountyBenjamin Franklin(1706–90), prolific writer, inventor, and politician; key factor in theAmerican Revolution39,561
412sqmi
(1,067km)
Fulton County057Lewistown1823Pike CountyRobert Fulton(1765–1815), inventor of thesteamboat37,069
866sqmi
(2,243km)
Gallatin County059Shawneetown1812Randolph CountyAlbert Gallatin(1761–1849), fourth and longest-servingUnited States Secretary of the Treasury5,589
324sqmi
(839km)
Greene County061Carrollton1821Madison CountyNathanael Greene(1742–86), major general in theContinental Army13,886
543sqmi
(1,406km)
Grundy County063Morris1841LaSalle CountyFelix Grundy(1777–1840),Tennesseansenator that served as the thirteenthUnited States Attorney General50,063
420sqmi
(1,088km)
Hamilton County065McLeansboro1821White CountyAlexander Hamilton(1755–1804), firstUnited States Secretary of the Treasury8,457
435sqmi
(1,127km)
Hancock County067Carthage1825Adams CountyJohn Hancock(1737–93), first governor of theMassachusetts colonyand president of theSecond Continental Congress19,104
795sqmi
(2,059km)
Hardin County069Elizabethtown1839Pope CountyHardin County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterJohn Hardin4,320
178sqmi
(461km)
Henderson County071Oquawka1841Warren CountyHenderson County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterRichard Henderson7,331
379sqmi
(982km)
Henry County073Cambridge1825Fulton CountyPatrick Henry(1736-99),American Revolutionary Warfigure and first and sixthGovernor of Virginia50,486
823sqmi
(2,132km)
Iroquois County075Watseka1833Vermilion CountyIroquoisNative Americans29,718
1,116sqmi
(2,890km)
Jackson County077Murphysboro1816Randolph County and Johnson CountyAndrew Jackson(1767-1845), seventhPresident of the United States, United States Senator fromTennessee, and general in theWar of 181260,218
588sqmi
(1,523km)
Jasper County079Newton1831Clay and Crawford CountySgt.William Jasper(c. 1750-79),American Revolutionary Warsoldier popularized byParson Weems9,698
494sqmi
(1,279km)
Jefferson County081Mount Vernon1819Edwards and White CountyThomas Jefferson(1743-1826), thirdPresident of the United States, secondVice President of the United States,Governor of Virginia, and one of the foremostFounding Fathers of the United States38,827
571sqmi
(1,479km)
Jersey County083Jerseyville1839Greene CountyState ofNew Jersey, from which many early settlers hailed22,985
369sqmi
(956km)
Jo Daviess County085Galena1827Henry, Mercer, and Putnam CountyJoseph Hamilton Daveiss(1774-1811), commander of the Indiana Dragoons at theBattle of Tippecanoe22,678
601sqmi
(1,557km)
Johnson County087Vienna1812Randolph CountyRichard Mentor Johnson(abt. 1780-1850), ninthVice President of the United Statesand United States Senator formKentucky12,582
346sqmi
(896km)
Kane County089Geneva1836LaSalle CountyElias Kane(1794-1835), United States Senator fromIllinois515,269
521sqmi
(1,349km)
Kankakee County091Kankakee1853Iroquois and Will CountyKankakee River113,449
678sqmi
(1,756km)
Kendall County093Yorkville1841LaSalle and Kane CountyAmos Kendall(1789-1869),United States Postmaster Generalunder PresidentsAndrew JacksonandMartin Van Buren114,736
321sqmi
(831km)
Knox County095Galesburg1825Fulton CountyGen.Henry Knox(1750-1806),American Revolutionary Wargeneral and firstUnited States Secretary of War52,919
716sqmi
(1,854km)
Lake County097Waukegan1839McHenry CountyLake Michigan703,462
448sqmi
(1,160km)
LaSalle County099Ottawa1831Putnam and Tazewell CountySieur de la Salle(1643-87), French explorer of theGreat Lakes.113,924
1,135sqmi
(2,940km)
Lawrence County101Lawrenceville1821Crawford and Edwards CountyCapt.James Lawrence(1781-1813), commander of theUSSChesapeakein theWar of 1812. Famous for his command "Don't give up the ship!"16,833
372sqmi
(963km)
Lee County103Dixon1839Ogle County"Light Horse"Henry Lee III(1756-1818),American Revolutionary Warofficer and ninthGovernor of Virginia36,031
725sqmi
(1,878km)
Livingston County105Pontiac1837LaSalle and McLean CountyEdward Livingston(1764-1836), prominent jurist, Congressman fromNew YorkandLouisiana, andU.S. Secretary of Statefrom 1831-33.38,950
1,044sqmi
(2,704km)
Logan County107Lincoln1839Sangamon CountyJohn Logan, a country doctor and early settler, and the father ofJohn A. Logan.30,305
618sqmi
(1,601km)
Macon County115Decatur1829Shelby CountyNathaniel Macon(1758-1837), sixthSpeaker of the United States House of RepresentativesandUnited States SenatorfromNorth Carolina.110,768
581sqmi
(1,505km)
Macoupin County117Carlinville1829Greene CountyNative American wordMacoupin, meaningAmerican lotus47,765
864sqmi
(2,238km)
Madison County119Edwardsville1812St. Clair County and Randolph CountyJames Madison(1751-1836), fourthPresident of the United Statesand principal author of theConstitution of the United States.269,282
725sqmi
(1,878km)
Marion County121Salem1823Fayette and Jefferson CountyFrancis Marion(c. 1732-95), general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warknown as "The Swamp Fox"39,437
572sqmi
(1,481km)
Marshall County123Lacon1839Putnam CountyJohn Marshall (1755-1835), fourth and longest-servingChief Justice of the United States, wrote opinion inMarbury v. Madisonestablishing the principle ofjudicial review12,640
386sqmi
(1,000km)
Mason County125Havana1841Tazewell and Menard CountyNamed afterMason County, Kentucky, itself named afterGeorge Mason14,666
539sqmi
(1,396km)
Massac County127Metropolis1843Pope and Johnson CountyFort Massac, a colonial-era fort on theOhio River15,429
239sqmi
(619km)
McDonough County109Macomb1826Schuyler CountyCommodoreThomas Macdonough(1783-1825), commander of American naval forces at theBattle of Plattsburgh32,612
589sqmi
(1,526km)
McHenry County111Woodstock1836Cook and LaSalle CountyMajorWilliam McHenry(c. 1771-1835), officer in during several campaigns againstNative Americansand member of the Illinois legislature308,760
604sqmi
(1,564km)
McLean County113Bloomington1830Tazewell CountyJohn McLean(1791-1830),United States RepresentativeandUnited States Senatorfrom Illinois (the latter from 1824-25 and 1829-30)169,572
1,184sqmi
(3,067km)
Menard County129Petersburg1839Sangamon CountyPierre Menard(1766-1844), prominent early settler and firstLieutenant Governor of Illinois12,705
314sqmi
(813km)
Mercer County131Aledo1825Schuyler CountyHugh Mercer(1726-77), British officer in theSeven Years' Warand general in theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War16,434
561sqmi
(1,453km)
Monroe County133Waterloo1816Randolph County and St. Clair CountyJames Monroe(1758-1831), seventhUnited States Secretary of State, eighthUnited States Secretary of War,Governor of Virginia, and fifthPresident of the United States32,957
388sqmi
(1,005km)
Montgomery County135Hillsboro1821Bond and Madison CountyGen.Richard Montgomery(1738-75), brigadier-general in theContinental Armywho led the unsuccessfulinvasion of Canada30,104
704sqmi
(1,823km)
Morgan County137Jacksonville1823Sangamon CountyGen.Daniel Morgan(1736-1802), successful tactician in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand laterUnited States RepresentativefromVirginia35,547
569sqmi
(1,474km)
Moultrie County139Sullivan1843Shelby and Macon CountyGen.William Moultrie(1730-1805),American Revolutionary Wargeneral andGovernor of South Carolina14,846
336sqmi
(870km)
Ogle County141Oregon1836Jo DaviessJoseph Ogle(1737-1821), early settler in southwest Illinois, who helped found the firstMethodistchurch in Illinois53,497
759sqmi
(1,966km)
Peoria County143Peoria1825Fulton CountyThePeoriaNative American tribe186,494
620sqmi
(1,606km)
Perry County145Pinckneyville1827Randolph and Jackson CountyCommodoreOliver Hazard Perry(1785-1819), American naval officer who led the victorious American forces at theBattle of Lake Erie22,350
441sqmi
(1,142km)
Piatt County147Monticello1841DeWitt and Macon CountyJohn Piatt, the patriarch of a prominent settler family in the early history of the county16,729
440sqmi
(1,140km)
Pike County149Pittsfield1821Madison, Bond, and Clark CountyZebulon Pike(1779-1813), early explorer of theAmerican Southwest, namesake ofPikes Peak16,430
830sqmi
(2,150km)
Pope County151Golconda1816Gallatin and Johnson CountyNathaniel Pope(1784-1850), early Delegate fromIllinois Territoryto Congress and judge on theUnited States District Court for the District of Illinois4,470
371sqmi
(961km)
Pulaski County153Mound City1843Alexander and Johnson CountyGen.Casimir Pulaski(1745-79),Polish Americangeneral of cavalry in theAmerican Revolutionary War6,161
201sqmi
(521km)
Putnam County155Hennepin1825Fulton CountyGen.Israel Putnam(1718-90), commander of American forces at theBattle of Bunker Hill6,006
160sqmi
(414km)
Randolph County157Chester1795St. Clair CountyEdmund Randolph(1753-1813), firstAttorney General of the United States, and brieflyUnited States Secretary of State33,476
578sqmi
(1,497km)
Richland County159Olney1841Clay and Lawrence CountyRichland County, Ohio, itself named for its richsoil16,233
360sqmi
(932km)
Rock Island County161Rock Island1831Jo Daviess CountyRock Island147,546
427sqmi
(1,106km)
Saline County165Harrisburg1847Gallatin CountySalt springs within the county24,913
383sqmi
(992km)
Sangamon County167Springfield1821Madison and Bond CountySangamon River197,465
868sqmi
(2,248km)
Schuyler County169Rushville1825Pike and Fulton CountyGen.Philip Schuyler(1733-1804),American Revolutionary Wargeneral andUnited States SenatorfromNew York7,544
437sqmi
(1,132km)
Scott County171Winchester1839Morgan CountyScott County, Kentucky, itself named afterCharles Scott5,355
251sqmi
(650km)
Shelby County173Shelbyville1827Fayette CountyIsaac Shelby(1750-1826), soldier in theAmerican Revolutionary WarandWar of 1812, and first and fifthGovernor of Kentucky22,363
759sqmi
(1,966km)
St. Clair County163Belleville1790original two countiesArthur St. Clair(1737-1818), major general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand first Governor of theNorthwest Territory270,056
664sqmi
(1,720km)
Stark County175Toulon1839Knox and Putnam CountyGen.John Stark(1728-1822), general in theAmerican Revolutionary War, called the "Hero ofBennington"5,994
288sqmi
(746km)
Stephenson County177Freeport1837Jo Daviess and Winnebago CountyBenjamin Stephenson(1769-1822), representative ofIllinois Territoryin theUnited States Congressfrom 1814 to 181647,711
564sqmi
(1,461km)
Tazewell County179Pekin1827Sangamon CountyLittleton Waller Tazewell(1774-1860), United States Senator from (and later governor of)Virginia135,394
649sqmi
(1,681km)
Union County181Jonesboro1818Johnson CountyThe federal union of the states17,808
416sqmi
(1,077km)
Vermilion County183Danville1826Edgar CountyTheVermilion River81,625
899sqmi
(2,328km)
Wabash County185Mount Carmel1824Edwards CountyTheWabash River11,947
224sqmi
(580km)
Warren County187Monmouth1825Schuyler CountyJoseph Warren(1741-75), played a role inAmerican Patriotmovements, a prominent early fatality in theAmerican Revolutionary War17,707
543sqmi
(1,406km)
Washington County189Nashville1818St. Clair CountyGeorge Washington(1732-99), commander-in-chief of American forces in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand firstPresident of the United States14,716
563sqmi
(1,458km)
Wayne County191Fairfield1819Edwards CountyGen. "Mad"Anthony Wayne(1745-96),major generalin the United States Army in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand theNorthwest Indian War16,760
714sqmi
(1,849km)
White County193Carmi1815Gallatin CountyIsaac White(1776-1811), resident of Illinois who enlisted in the Indiana militia and was killed at theBattle of Tippecanoe14,665
495sqmi
(1,282km)
Whiteside County195Morrison1836Jo Daviess and Henry CountySamuel Whiteside(1783-1868), state legislator and militia leader58,498
685sqmi
(1,774km)
Will County197Joliet1836Cook and Iroquois CountyConrad Will(1779-1835),physician, local businessman and longtime member of the state legislature677,560
837sqmi
(2,168km)
Williamson County199Marion1839Franklin CountyHugh Williamson(1735-1819), delegate fromNorth Carolinato thePhiladelphia Convention66,357
424sqmi
(1,098km)
Winnebago County201Rockford1836Jo DaviessWinnebagoNative Americans295,266
514sqmi
(1,331km)
Woodford County203Eureka1841Tazewell and McLean CountyGen.William Woodford(1734-80), brigadier general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warwho died while a British prisoner38,664
528sqmi
(1,368km)

地理環境


地貌

伊利諾伊州
伊利諾伊州
伊利諾伊州地勢平坦,平均海拔182米,自北向南傾斜。西北部較高,有起伏平緩的丘陵。全境最高點海拔378米,為西北角有查爾斯丘。北部和中部的黑土非常肥沃,為世界上最佳耕地之一。地表有厚層冰川沉積,叫做冰磧層第四紀內,北美洲北部及中部出現大陸冰川。冰川向南推進時,把全州大部分地面蝕平,好似平鍋的鍋底。冰川融化后消失,把冰內夾帶的泥砂石塊堆積在地面上,成為冰磧物,似一張圓餅攤在鍋底的平面上。冰川避開了州西北角及州境南端兩個丘陵區,這一帶未遭受大陸冰川的破壞。南部馬里恩附近小丘區是大陸冰川南進的限界。南端河岸港開羅以南未受冰川的刨蝕。除上述西北角及南端大丘陵區外,都遭受大陸冰川覆蓋數千年到數萬年之久。

氣候

伊利諾伊州屬溫帶氣候,冬季寒冷多雪,夏炎熱。冬季平均氣溫,北部為-6℃,南部為3℃;夏季平均氣溫分別為21和25℃。年平均降水,北部為800~1200毫米,南部為1200~1600毫米。南部生長期為210天,最北部僅有160天。

自然資源


伊利諾州
伊利諾州
伊利諾伊州主要礦產有煤、石油、鉛、鋅、石灰石玻璃砂。煤產量居全國第四位,石油居第八位。煤炭主要分佈於州的中部和南部,石油分佈於南部。其他礦產資源有鉛、鋅、石灰石和玻璃砂等。

人口民族


伊利諾伊州人口約1291萬,位居全美第5,白人、黑人、拉美裔及亞太裔分別佔總人口的71.4%、14.6%、14.9%和4.3%,約有華僑華人10餘萬人。

經濟概況


農業經濟

該州是全國主要的農業州之一。全州80%的土地為農業用地。每個農戶平均耕種140公頃(約2100畝)農田。大豆產量居全國首位;玉米產量有時占第一位,有時居第二位;豬肉和牛肉產量亦均名列前茅。

工業經濟

伊利諾伊工業主要集中在芝加哥。由於靠近鐵礦產地,交通方便,鋼鐵工業發展迅速,芝加哥已取代鋼都匹茲堡成為全國最大的鋼鐵工業中心。農業機械、建築機械和金屬製品產量居各州之冠;電機產量名列第三;汽車工業也很重要,有55萬職工從事機動車輛的製造和裝配。食品工業僅次於加利福尼亞州。印刷業和出版業僅次於紐約州,居全國第二位。

服務業

伊州是美國傳統製造業中心,也是美國交通運輸及物流配送中心。建築機械、農業器具、通訊設備、生物技術及金融、保險、諮詢和批發零售等服務業發達。全州有2300多家商業銀行,1000家儲蓄銀行,2000多家保險機構,並有11200多個金融從業公司。芝加哥商業交易所(集團)是世界最大的期貨交易所。

政府財政

二十一世紀初以來,評級機構一直在下調伊利諾伊州的信用評級,伊利諾伊州欠下了巨額養老金債務,此外還積欠了150億美元的未付賬單,且在州議員2015年聽憑一項上調所得稅的臨時政策到期終止后,該州的財政收入出現下降。2017年6月,評級機構將該州的評級降至只比“垃圾”級高一級的水平。

社會事業


教育事業

該州大專院校188所,數量居全美第5位,在校生75萬人,每百人中就有6.4個大學生。著名的高等學府有芝加哥大學(1891年)、西北大學(1851年)、伊利諾伊大學。
主要大學:西北大學、芝加哥大學、伊利諾大學厄巴納-香檳分校、伊利諾伊州立大學、伊利諾大學芝加哥分校、南伊利諾伊大學、伊利諾理工學院、羅耀拉大學、帝波大學、芝加哥藝術學院。
截止到當地時間4月18日,伊利諾伊州等共24個州及華盛頓特區宣布,將全州內包括公立、私立和高等教育機構在內的學校關閉時間延長至2019—2020整個學年結束,同時各州學校將儘可能的為學生進行線上授課。

新聞事業

該州共有報紙700多份,其中日報50份,主要有《芝加哥論壇報》和《芝加哥太陽時報》。有50餘家電視台,近400家電台。

友好城市

伊州與遼寧省(1982年)和台灣省(1992年)互為友好省州,芝加哥與瀋陽(1985年)和上海(1985年)互為友城。此外,喬利埃特(Joliet)、洛克福特(Rockford)、柏林布魯克(Bolingbrook)、佩里亞(Peoria)、蓋利斯伯格(Galesburg)分別與遼寧省遼陽市、江蘇省常州市、河南省許昌市、遼寧省本溪市和安徽省馬鞍山市互為友城。

交通運輸


伊利諾伊州
伊利諾伊州
伊利諾伊州被認為是美國的交通中心。芝加哥是世界最大的鐵路樞紐,有30條鐵路幹線及其支線彙集於此。全州有鐵路37000公里,居全國第二位。1848年開鑿伊利諾伊—密歇根運河以後,溝通了東北部的聖勞倫斯水道和西部的密西西比水道,使本州與其他各州之間的水運更加便利。州內有幾十個機場,最大的是芝加哥的奧黑爾菲爾德國際機場和米德韋機場。
重要機場:芝加哥歐海爾國際機場、芝加哥中途國際機場
重要高速公路:55號州際公路、57號州際公路、70號州際公路、72號州際公路、74號州際公路、80號州際公路、88號州際公路(西段)、90號州際公路、94號州際公路、290號州際公路、294號州際公路、355號州際公路。

風俗民情


宗教

宗教上,伊利諾州不像其它中西部的州﹙新教徒佔有極大比例﹚,而僅有半數的居民是新教徒,羅馬天主教的比例則大約為三分之一,多分佈在芝加哥都會區周圍。整個人口信仰比例為:
伊利諾伊州
伊利諾伊州
51%新教徒﹙Protestant﹚
33% 羅馬天主教徒Roman Catholic
1% 其他基督教派的教徒 Other Christian
3% 其他宗教教徒Other Religions
8% 無信仰者 Non-Religious
伊利諾州前三大新教徒是:浸禮會﹙Baptist:15%﹚、路德會(Lutheran:5%)、衛理公會﹙Methodist:8%﹚。

人文景點

芝加哥美術館正門
芝加哥美術館正門
芝加哥美術館(Art Institute of Chicago)位於伊利諾伊州芝加哥市,創建於1891年,因薈萃世界各地藝術珍品而負有盛名,它既是世界上最古老的美術展覽館之一,也是當今美國三大美術館之一。
布魯克菲爾德動物園(Brookfield Zoo)正式名稱芝加哥動物園(Chicago Zoological Park)。建於1934年,以其大規模的開放式場地出名。
菲爾德自然史博物館(The Field Museum of Natural History)最早建立於1893年9月,至今該館已收集有兩千多萬種生物及人文標本,每年組織有大量的展覽、研究和教育項目,館內的自然史圖書館藏書達25萬冊。

著名人物


作家卡爾·山柏格(Carl Sandburg)、作家恩尼斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway)、廣播電視喜劇演員克·班尼(Jack Benny)、女詩人關朵琳·布魯克絲(GwendolynBrooks)、南京大屠殺時保護平民的美國傳教士明妮·魏特琳、創意動畫家/迪士尼樂園創辦人華德·迪士尼(Walt Disney)、以及美國第四十任總統隆納·雷根(Ronald Reagan)。