共找到2條詞條名為感嘆句的結果 展開
- 英語中的感嘆句
- 帶有濃厚感情的句子
感嘆句
英語中的感嘆句
感嘆句(exclamation 或Exclamatory sentences)有多種表現形式,有時一個單詞、短語或一個片語也可成為感嘆句。如:Hello!(喂!),The design and the colours!(多美麗的圖案和色彩啊!);有時陳述句、疑問句以及祈使句也可以轉化成感嘆句,如:What a nice boy!(多好的孩子!)How can you be so silly!(你怎麼這麼傻!)Don’t go with us!(別跟我們一起去!)。儘管感嘆句的表現形式多種多樣,但主要的表現形式只有兩種,即what和how引導的感嘆句。what修飾名詞(名詞前可加冠詞和形容詞),how修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。感嘆句除了可以由how和what引導外,還有許多其他形式,可以用陳述句、疑問句、祈使句,有時甚至是一個單詞或是一個短語也可以是一個感嘆句。通常用how,what。
意思:表示喜怒哀樂等強烈情感的句子
一、由感嘆詞what引導的感嘆句。
1.① What+a/an+(形容詞)+單數可數名詞+主語+謂語!
② What+名詞片語+主語+謂語!
如: What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容詞)+可數名詞複數或不可數名詞+主語+謂語!
如: What kind women they are!
What nice music it is!
二、由How引導的感嘆句。(how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。)
1.How+形容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語!
如: How hard the workers are working!
How clever the girl is!
How quickly the boy is writting!
2. How+主語+謂語!
如:How time flies! 時光飛逝!
三、注意:
1. 當how修飾動詞時,動詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語之前。
如: How fast the runner runs!
2. how與what引導的感嘆句中的第一種格式(單數名詞)一般情況下可以相互轉換,轉換后意義不變。
如: What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is!
What a beautiful building it is! = How beautiful the building is!
3. 在口語中,感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略。
如: What a nice present!(省略it is)
How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語)
直接引語是感嘆句時,若要變作間接引語,通常用引述動詞tell, exclaim等。如:
■ “What a brave boy you are!” she told him. “你是一個多麼勇敢的男孩子啊!”她告訴他說。
→She told him what a brave boy he was. 她告訴他說他是一個多麼勇敢的男孩子。
■He said, “Hurrah! My friend is coming.”他說道,“好哇(☭)!我的朋友來了。”
→He exclaimed with delight that his friend had come. 他歡呼他的朋友來了。(引述動詞用exclaim, 並加狀語with delight)
當然,也可用其他一些引述動詞。如:
■He said, “Alas! How foolish I have been!”他說道,“哎,我多傻啊!”
→He confessed with regret that he had been very foolish. 他痛悔地承認他太傻了。(引述動詞用confess加狀語with regret)
■“What a crime he has committed!” she said. “他犯了多大的罪啊!”她說道。
→She didn’t know what a crime he had committed. 她不知道他犯了那麼大的罪。(引述動詞用know的否定式)
有時也可以不用引述動詞,如:
■“How fast she can run!” he says. “她竟能跑得那樣快!”他說道。
→It’s incredible how fast she can run. 她跑得如此之快令人不可置信。(用it’s incredible表示說話人的神情)
■He said to them all, “Good-bye, my friends!”他對他們說道,“再見,我的朋友們!”
→He bade good-bye to all his friends. 他向他的所有朋友道別。(這裡連間接引語也省略了)
關於感嘆句 what 和 how 的區別:
一、由"what"引導的感嘆句:"what"意為"多麼"用作定語,修飾名詞(被強調部分),單數可數名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,複數可數名詞或不可數名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結構形式是:
what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語(it is就是主語加謂語).
如: ① What a clever girl she is! 多麼聰明的姑娘呀!
二、由"how"引導的感嘆句:"how"意為"多麼",用作狀語,修飾形容詞或副詞(被強調部分)。如果修飾形容詞,則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞;如果how修飾副詞,則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞,這類句子的結構形式是:
How+adj.(adv.)+主語+謂語+(it is).
如:① How cold it is today!
今天多麼冷呀!
三、在表示同一意義時,英語感嘆既可用"what"引導,也可用"how"引導。如:
① What a hot day it is!
How hot the day is !(is 可要可不要)
四、感嘆句在表示激動強烈的感情時,口語中常常採用省略句,其後面的主語和謂語往往略去不講。
如:① What a fine day! 多麼晴朗的天呀!
1、不定式短語引起的感嘆句
不定式短語單獨使用常表示驚異、氣憤、祝願等情緒。
To sell such a cheap suit as that to a millionaire 竟然把這樣一套衣服賣給一位百萬富翁!
To think that I shall never see her again!真沒想到我再也見不到她了!
To think of my leaving the umbrella in the train! 真沒想到我把傘落到火車上了!
2、so和such引起的感嘆句
The little boy is so clever!這個男孩真聰明!
It was such terrible writing!寫得真糟糕!
3、That引起的感嘆句
That引起的感嘆句,表示願望、遺憾。
That it should ever come to this!事情竟會弄到這種地步!
That she were here!她在這該多好!
4、if 或if only 引起的感嘆句
If I haven't lost my watch!我的表要是不丟該多好!
If only I knew!要是我知道該多好。
5、who 引起的感嘆句
以who起首引起的感嘆句表示驚奇。
Who would have thought it!誰能想得到啊!
Who else could have done it!還有誰會做這件事!
6、短語感嘆句
At last! At last!終於盼到了!
Thirty years! Such a long time!30年了!多麼長的時間呀!
The grass and the rising sun!多麼青的草地,多麼明媚的晨光!
7、疑問句感嘆
Hasn't she grown!她長這麼大了!
Am I silly!我真傻!
Aren't you lucky!你真走運!
1.how與what有時可以互換,句意相同。例如:
How clever a girl she is! = What a clever girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!
2.how或what引導的感嘆句在表示強烈激動的感情時,在特定的語境中常用省略句,其後面的主語和謂語往往略去。例如:
How wonderful!
What a fine day!
3. how或what引導的感嘆句通常用感嘆號;但當表示感情程度不很強烈時,how或what引導的感嘆句也可以用句號,讀時一般用降調。例如:
How good you are to me.
What a lovely smell.
4.how或what引導的感嘆句本身表達一種強烈的感情,一般不含有very、rather、quite、extremely等詞,以免語意重複。例如不說:
* How very fast he runs!
* What extremely beautiful flowers they are!
5.著名學者周海中教授在1984年發表的《淺談What和How引導的感嘆句》一文中指出:how或what引導的感嘆句一般不用於否定式。例如不說:
* How hard they didn't work!
* What dirty water they didn't drink!
6.周海中教授還指出:為了使句子的感嘆力得到進一步的加強, how或what前面還可以加感嘆詞ah、oh等。他舉了實例:
Ah, how I love her! (C. Dickens: David Copperfield)
Oh, what an accomplishment! (D. Lawrence: Aaron's Rod)
7.英語專家費致德教授在1981年出版的《現代英語慣用法詞典》一書中指出:在口語里,為了強調起見,how或what引導的感嘆句可以改為感嘆詞+謂語+主語。例如:
How impressive was the play!
What a fool is he!